Navshirvan Mustafa

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Navshirvan Mustafa

Navschirwan Mustafa Amin ( Kurdish نەوشیروان مستەفا Newşîrwan Mistefa Emîn ; * December 22, 1944 in Sulaimaniyya ; † May 19, 2017 ibid) was a Kurdish politician and writer. He was a co-founder of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) and until December 2006 its Vice Secretary General and member of the party executive committee. In 2009 he founded the Gorran party and was its party leader from July 25, 2009 until his death in 2017.

Life

First political activities

After graduating from school, Mustafa studied political science in Baghdad . In 1961 he joined the Democratic Party of Kurdistan , or KDP for short. In 1969 he returned to Sulaimaniyya and worked for the weekly newspaper "Rizgary" (Eng .: Liberation or Redemption), which was published by a KDP group led by Jalal Talabani and Ibrahim Ahmed . He left the KDP out of disappointment and founded the nationalist party Komala (not to be confused with the Komalah in Iran) together with other activists in the political underground . In 1970 he was sentenced to death by a Baghdad Revolutionary Court for his political activities. He spent several years in exile in Vienna , where he a. a. Studied international law.

Co-founder of the PUK (1975-2006)

During the last weeks of his studies in Vienna, in the spring of 1975, Mustafa Barzani's rebellion against Baghdad collapsed. At the same time, Mustafa came into contact with Jalal Talabani and other Kurdish activists in order to found a new party. On June 1, 1975 the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) was founded, of which Talabani became its general secretary and Mustafa became its vice-president. The PUK was created from the Komala and the Talabanis group, the Schoresch Garan . Talabani and Mustafa pushed back Marxist influence in the new party in favor of the “ Kurdayetî ” concept. It was agreed that Talabani would campaign for support for the PUK abroad and that Mustafa would organize the PUK in Iraq.

Mustafa organized the Kurdish resistance in the armed uprisings against the Ba'ath regime in 1976 and 1991. In 1991, among other things, he led the struggle for the liberation of Kirkuk and coined the term raparin as a word for the Kurdish uprising after the second Gulf War in 1991 .

After the 1991 uprising, Mustafa resigned from his party positions due to differences with the PUK leadership and went into exile in London for a short time .

In 2005 and 2006 he planned reforms for the electoral system within the PUK. His aim was to promote intra-party democracy , to push back nepotism and post-haggling within the party, and to promote political cooperation among Kurdish youth. However, he was unable to push through his reforms due to resistance in the party, especially against Jalal Talabani. As a result, Mustafa finally resigned from his office and left the party on December 5, 2006.

Founder of the Gorran Party (2009-2017)

He tried to continue his fight against corruption and nepotism independently. In the election for the Kurdish regional parliament in July 2009, he joined the liberal-social-democratic party Rewtî Gorran - Movement for Change. Since then he was chairman of that party. With the slogan "Change" he was able to win 25 out of 111 seats in the Kurdish parliament. In the election to the regional parliament in 2013, his party won 24 seats. The Gorran was able to take many of the votes from the PUK.

Mustafa lived as a politician and writer in Sulaimaniyya until his death in May 2017. He also planned to set up an independent media center in Sulaimaniyya.

Private

Mustafa had been married since 1981 and had three children. On May 19, 2017, he died of complications from lung cancer in his hometown of Sulaimaniyya. In addition to his political tasks and duties, Mustafa wrote several books, especially about the history of the Kurdish press. In addition to his mother tongue, he also spoke the following languages: Arabic, English, Persian and German.

Works

  • Kurds and Ejams: A political history of Iranian Kurds (German: Kurds and Acems (Arabic term for Persians): A political history of the Iranian Kurds), published in 1992
  • From the Danaube shore to the Nawzang valley: Political events in Iraqi Kurdistan from 1975–1978 (German: From the banks of the Danube to the Nawzang valley: Political events in Iraqi Kurdistan from 1975 to 1978), published in 1997
  • The fingers which break each other: Political events in Iraqi Kurdistan 1978–1983 (German: The fingers that break each other: Political events in Iraqi Kurdistan from 1978 to 1983), published in 1997
  • Going around in circles: The inside story of events in Iraqi Kurdistan 1984–1988 (German: Moving around in circles: The background story of the political events in Iraqi Kurdistan from 1984 to 1988), published in 1998, ISBN 3-9806140-3-4
  • The Government of Kurdistan (German: The Government of Kurdistan), published 1993, ISBN 90-900635-6-0
  • The emirate of Baban between the grinding stones of the Persians and Turks (German: The emirate of Baban between the grinding stones of the Persians and Turks), published in 1998
  • Xulanewe le naw bazneda: dîwî nawewey rudawekanî Kurdistanî ʻIrāq, 1984–1988 , published in 1999
  • Kurdistanî ʻÊraq: serdemî qełem u muraceʻat, 1928–1931 , published 2000
  • Kêşey Partî w Yekêtî , published in 1995
  • Çend laper̄eyek le mêjuy rojnamewanîy Kurdî, 1938–1958: rojnamewanîy nihênî , published in 2004

Individual evidence

  1. ^ David McDowall: Modern History of the Kurds . IBTauris, 2003, ISBN 978-0-85771-482-4 , pp. 343 ( google.de [accessed on January 8, 2019]).
  2. ↑ a b c d Michael M. Gunter: Historical Dictionary of the Kurds . 3. Edition. Rowman & Littlefield, 2018, ISBN 978-1-5381-1050-8 , pp. 40, 238, 263 ( google.de [accessed January 7, 2019]).
  3. ↑ Gülşah Neslihan Akkaya, Furkan Torlak, Levent Baştürk, Müjge Küçükkeleş, Zehra Senem Demir, Saliha Ziya: Irak Siyasetini Anlama Kılavuzu . Ed .: SETA. SETA, 2013, ISBN 978-6-05402329-5 , pp. 115 ( google.de [accessed on January 8, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Andrea Fischer-Tahir: "We gave many martyrs". Resistance and collective identity formation in Iraqi Kurdistan, ISBN 978-3-89771-015-3 , Münster 2003, p. 71
  5. ↑ Hama Chawsur: Nawshirwan Mustafa: the hope that did not last. In: ekurd.net. December 6, 2006, archived from the original ; accessed on November 29, 2015 .
  6. ↑ RRT ERBIL: PROFILE OF PUK NAWSHIRWAN MUSTAFA , Cable 09BAGHDAD676_a, March 15, 2009, published by WikiLeaks
  7. ↑ Gorran leader Nawshirwan Mustafa dies at 73 after long battle with illness . In: Rudaw . ( rudaw.net [accessed November 20, 2018]).
  8. ↑ Kurdistan24: Kurdistan PM lays flowers for late Gorran leader . In: Kurdistan24 . ( kurdistan24.net [accessed November 20, 2018]).

Sources and web links

personal data
SURNAME Mustafa, Navshirvan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mistefa Emîn, Newşîrwan; Mustafa Amin, Navjirvan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Kurdish politician and writer from Iraq
DATE OF BIRTH December 22, 1944
PLACE OF BIRTH Sulaimaniyya , Iraq
DATE OF DEATH 19th May 2017
Place of death Sulaimaniyya