Naples yellow

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Naples yellow also antimony yellow is a sulfur-yellow to orange-yellow, well covering, light-resistant pigment made of lead antimony oxide (lead antimonate). Presumably it is Pb (SbO 3 ) 2 or Pb 3 (SbO 4 ) 2 . The same compound occurs naturally as the mineral bindheimite , although the natural mineral has never been detected as a pigment.

Historical

Naples yellow was found as a ceramic pigment on Babylonian bricks as early as 2500 BC . Historical names like Luteolum neapolitanum indicate the Italian - Neapolitan origin.

For European panel painting, the use of Naples yellow was set too early in the older technical literature. In the translations of Italian painting treatises, the terms "giallolino" and "giallorino" used there were misinterpreted as Naples yellow. Imperfect microchemical studies appeared to confirm the mix-ups. It was not until 1940/41 that Richard Jacobi, the head of the natural science department at the Doerner Institute in Munich, discovered the error.

According to his research, Naples yellow was used for the first time occasionally in panel painting in the 17th century and was not widely used until the 18th century. It replaced the lead-tin yellow that had been used until then .

Naples yellow was made by heating lead and antimony oxides .

Today's commercial color

Today's manufacturers of artists' paints do not use any lead. There are three versions available in stores:

Naples yellow reddish
CI : PBr 24 / PO 20
Color code: # FF8833
Naples yellow dark
CI: PBr 24
color code: # EEBB22
Naples yellow light
CI: PBr 24 / PY 53
Color code: # FFCC44

The starting pigment for all three is chrome-antimony-titanium yellow . The reddish variant also contains cadmium sulfoselenide , the light rutile , nickel and tin components .

Similar to siena , umber and ocher , Naples yellow, as a tertiary color, expands the painters' palette towards earth colors .

Naples yellow has good hiding power and very good lightfastness . It is compatible with most pigments and with all binders .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ This is what Cennini called the lead tin yellow (also known as lead tinate ) used frequently in the past in Il libro dell'Arte o trattato della pittura , BiblioBazaar, Charleston 2009, ISBN 978-1-103-39026-7 (English).
  2. ↑ Knut Nicolaus: DuMont's handbook of painting . DuMont Literature and Art Publishing, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-8321-7288-2 , p. 205-206 .

literature

  • Claudia Pelosi, Giorgia Agresti, Ulderico Santamaria, Elisabetta Mattei, Artificial Yellow Pigments: Production and Spectroscopic Characterization, e-PS, 2010, 7, 108–115. PDF

Web links