Bindheimite

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Bindheimite
Bindheimite - slag dump Letmathe.jpg
Bindheimite crystals, size approx. 1 to 2 mm from the Letmathe slag dump
General and classification
chemical formula Pb 2 Sb 2 O 6 (O, OH)
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		Oxides and hydroxides
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		4.DH.20 ( 8th edition : IV / C.11)
44.1.1.2
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system cubic
Crystal class ; symbol cubic-hexakisoctahedral 4 / m 3 2 / m
Space group Fd 3 m
Lattice parameters a  = 10.40  Å
Formula units Z  = 6
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 4 to 4.5
Density (g / cm 3 ) 4.6 to 7.3
Cleavage is missing
Break ; Tenacity shelly to earthy
colour gray-white, brown, greenish-yellow, yellow
Line color yellowish white
transparency translucent to opaque
shine Resin gloss, matt to earthy
Crystal optics
Refractive index n  = 1.84 to 1.87

Bindheimite (outdated also antimony lead pathway , antimony lead oxide or lead kidney ) is a rather seldom occurring mineral from the mineral class of oxides and hydroxides . It crystallizes in the cubic crystal system with the chemical composition Pb 2 Sb 2 O 6 (O, OH) and develops predominantly grape, bulbous or earthy aggregates or crusty coatings of gray-white, brown, greenish-yellow or yellow color.


Etymology and history

Was found for the first time Bindheimite in 1800 in the lead - silver - zinc - deposit at Nerchinsk region Trans-Baikal (Russia) and described by Dietrich Ludwig Gustav Karsten . He named the mineral in honor of Johann Jacob Bindheim (1740–1825), a German chemist who carried out the first chemical analysis of this mineral.

classification

In the old systematics of minerals according to Strunz (8th edition) bindheimite is still classified in the oxide division with the molar ratio of metal: oxygen = 2: 3. With the revision and reorganization of the 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, the mineral was re-sorted into the oxides department with the substance ratio "metal: oxygen = 1: 2 and comparable". There it can be found in the new subsection “With large (± medium-sized) cations; Layers of edge-linked octahedra ”.

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is common in the English-speaking world , assigns bindheimite to a different mineral class. It is found there in the class of phosphates, arsenates and vanadates , to which the antimonates division (subdivided according to composition and crystal structure) also belongs.

Education and Locations

Bindheimite is a typical secondary mineral that in the oxidation zone of lead - antimony - deposits forming. Accompanying minerals are boulangerite , cerussite , galena , pyrite , quartz , zinkenite and others.

In addition to its type locality in Nerchinsk (Eastern Siberia), bindheimite was found in Russia in the Urals . Other locations include Constantine in Algeria; New South Wales (Kingsgate, Talingaboolba, Broken Hill, Silverton), Tasmania (Dundas) and Western Australia (Kununurra, Pilbara) in Australia; La Paz and Potosí in Bolivia; Minas Gerais in Brazil; the Antofagasta and Atacama regions in Chile; Du'an in China; Baden-Württemberg (Black Forest), Bavaria (Fichtelgebirge), Hesse (Odenwald, Taunus), Lower Saxony (St Andreasberg), North Rhine-Westphalia (Sauerland, Siegerland), Rhineland-Palatinate (Eifel), Saxony-Anhalt (Wolfsberg), Saxony ( Callenberg) and Thuringia (Greiz) in Germany; Alsace , Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , Occitania and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in France; Attica in Greece; England and Wales in Great Britain; County Wicklow in Ireland; Lombardy , Sardinia and Tuscany in Italy; Honshū in Japan; Huntingdon ( Ontario ) in Canada; Baja California Sur and Durango in Mexico; Erongo in Namibia; Carinthia (Friesach - Hüttenberg, Gurktal Alps, Hohe Tauern), Lower Austria (Eichberg), Salzburg (Radstädter Tauern), Styria (Niedere Tauern) and Tyrol (Obernberg am Brenner) in Austria; Ancash in Peru; Aveiro and Beja in Portugal; Maramureș County in Romania; Lapland and Värmland in Sweden; Graubünden and Ticino in Switzerland; Banská Bystrica , Košice and Žilina in Slovakia; Aragon , Castile-La Mancha and Catalonia in Spain; Mpumalanga in South Africa; the Gissar Valley in Tajikistan ; Bohemia in the Czech Republic; Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén counties , Fejér counties and Heves counties in Hungary; and Alaska (Aniak), Arizona (Cochise, Pima, Santa Cruz), Arkansas (Gillham), Colorado (Leadville), Idaho , California (Santa Cruz), Montana (Beaverhead, Granite), Nevada , New Mexico , North Carolina , South Dakota (Silver City), Utah , Virginia and Washington (Adams Mountain) in the United States.

Crystal structure

Bindheimite crystallizes in the cubic crystal system in the space group with the lattice parameter a  = 10.40  Å and six formula units per unit cell .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Webmineral - Bindheimite (engl.)
  2. ↑ a b American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database - Bindheimite (engl., 1955)
  3. ↑ a b c bindheimite at mindat.org (engl.)
  4. ↑ Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory . 5th edition. Christian Weise Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 3-921656-17-6 .
  5. ↑ Mindat - Localities for Bindheimite
  6. ↑ American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database - Bindheimite (Eng., 1955)

literature

Web links

Commons : Bindheimite  - collection of images, videos and audio files