Neurotypical

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Neurotypical (for neurologically typical , NT for short , also norm-neuro ) is a neologism that is used to characterize people whose neurological development and status correspond to what most people consider normal in terms of linguistic abilities and social skills .

history

The term was first introduced by the autism rights movement as a term for non- autistic people , later the concept was taken up by the neurodiversity movement and by scientists. In this context, the term is sometimes used in a narrow sense, which not only excludes people in the autism spectrum, but also those with other neurological abnormalities.

The UK National Autistic Society suggests the use of the term in its recommendations to journalists. However, it makes the following restriction: Note: This term is only used within the autism community - so may not be applicable in, for example, the popular press .

The term is also in a spoof meant "Institute for the Study of the Neurologically Typical" ( dt. : Used "Institute for the Study of / the neurologically typical") of the site Autistics.org.

criticism

A 2020 review made reference to two basic observations:

  • Many people would not have a diagnosis of autism, but still have some typical traits (characteristics) of autism. This was flowing transition from non-autism autism research known as the broader autistic phenotype (broad autism phenotype) . So there is no clear bimodal distribution (distribution curve with two peaks) that would show a separation of autistic and non-autistic. In reality, there are no separable population groups, one of which is neurotypical and the other neurodivergent ( neurodivergent ).
  • Neurotypical is a very dubious construct , since there is no one who is really and truly neurotypical . There is no such standard for the human brain .

The first observation had already been established years before in the secondary scientific literature.

See also

Web links

credentials

  1. ^ Andrew Cashin: Two Terms - One Meaning: The Conundrum of Contemporary Nomenclature in Autism. In: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, Aug 2006, viewed Feb. 27, 2007
  2. ^ A note about language and abbreviations ( Memento of February 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Jim Sinclair. Accessed March 4, 2007
  3. ↑ DJ Hare, S. Jones, K. Evershed: A comparative study of circadian rhythm functioning and sleep in people with Asperger syndrome . In: Autism 10 (6), Nov. 2006, pp. 565-575.
  4. ↑ K. O'Connor, JP Hamm, IJ Kirk: The neurophysiological correlates of face processing in adults and children with Asperger's syndrome . In: Brain and Cognition 59 (1), Oct. 2005, pp. 82-95.
  5. ↑ BS Myles, A. Huggins, M. Rome-Lake et al .: Written language profile of children and youth with Asperger syndrome: From research to practice . In: Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities 38 (4), Dec. 2003, pp. 362-369.
  6. ↑ "How to talk about autism" , National Autistic Society
  7. ↑ muskie: Institute for the Study of the Neurologically Typical. In: autistics.org. Autistics.org, March 18, 2002, archived from the original March 9, 2016 ; accessed on October 31, 2016 (English).
  8. ^ Ginny Russell: Critiques of the Neurodiversity Movement . In: Steven Kapp (Ed.): Autistic community and the neurodiversity movement: stories from the frontline . Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore 2020, ISBN 978-981-13-8437-0 , pp. 287–303 , here p. 288 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-981-13-8437-0 ( chapter as download [PDF; 228 kB ; accessed on August 10, 2020]).
  9. ^ Ginny Russell: Critiques of the Neurodiversity Movement . In: Steven Kapp (Ed.): Autistic community and the neurodiversity movement: stories from the frontline . Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore 2020, ISBN 978-981-13-8437-0 , pp. 287–303 , here p. 290 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-981-13-8437-0 ( chapter as download [PDF; 228 kB ; accessed on August 10, 2020]).
  10. ↑ Guideline on Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Part 1: Diagnostics . Long version p. 14 f. (PDF) See under A.2.2 Classification of Autism Spectrum Disorders and A.2.3 Autism Spectrum Disorders as a dimensional disorder . Status 2016, Working Group of Scientific Medical Societies .
  11. ^ FR Volkmar, JC McPartland: From Kanner to DSM-5: autism as an evolving diagnostic concept. In: Annual review of clinical psychology. Volume 10, 2014, pp. 193-212, doi: 10.1146 / annurev-clinpsy-032813-153710 , PMID 24329180 (review).