New Testament Greek

New Testament Greek is the name given to the Koine- based variant of the ancient Greek language of the various New Testament scriptures (originated in the 1st to 2nd centuries AD).

development

The Koine is the stage of development of Greek , which had become a common language in Hellenistic times and functioned as the lingua franca in the eastern part of the Roman Empire . New Testament Greek is a special form of the Koine. The Greek language structure and terminology ( semantics ) was shaped by the adoption of Semitic narrative styles and association complexes from Judaism. The language of the Septuagint , which is often quoted in the New Testament, was also formative. Existing words were given a different content as renderings of Hebrew expressions. Significant examples are:

כבוד kabod - δόξα dóxa : "glory"
ברית berit - διαθήκη diathéke : "Bund"
צדקה zedaqah - δικαιοσύνη dikaiosýne : "Justice"

grammar

The grammar was also influenced by this translation process. Subordinate clause constructions step back in favor of main clause sequences. Duplications such as "He answered and spoke" ( ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν apokritheis eipen ) reflect typical Hebrew or Semitic stories.

There are also grammatical inaccuracies - regardless of Hebrew. For example, Heb 11.35 EU uses the non-reflexive pronoun instead of the reflexive pronoun: “ ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν. "Instead of" ἑαυτῶν. "

literature

Treatises

Stanley E. Porter, Andrew W. Pitts (Eds.): The Language of the New Testament. Context, History, and Development. Brill, Leiden 2013 (Linguistic Biblical Studies, 6)

Language courses

Hellēnisti. Basic course in the Hellenistic-Greek Bible language. Compiled by Josef Lindauer and continued by Rudolf and Michael Hotz. St. Ottilien, 2005.
Klaus Haag, Werner Stoy: Bible Greek made easy. Textbook of New Testament Greek. Brunnenverlag, Gießen, Basel 2012, ISBN 3-7655-9312-5 .

Grammar and dictionaries

Friedrich Blass , Albert Debrunner , Friedrich Rehkopf (ed.): Grammar of New Testament Greek. 18th edition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, (online) .
Kurt Aland , Barbara Aland (Ed.): Greek-German dictionary on the writings of the New Testament and early Christian literature . 6th, completely revised edition. DeGruyter, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-11-010647-7
Friedrich Rehkopf : Greek-German dictionary for the New Testament. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1992, ISBN 3-525-50118-8 , (excerpts online) .

Web links

Jörg Dittmer: Brief learning grammar on the language of κοινή (as opposed to classical Greek) (PDF file; 222 kB)
www.brill.com: Linguistic Biblical Studies (full list of volumes)

Individual evidence

Jump up ↑ Blue Letter Bible: Hebrews 11:35. Retrieved October 31, 2018 .

[1] Jump up ↑ Blue Letter Bible: Hebrews 11:35. Retrieved October 31, 2018 .