Ngoen Yang

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The kingdom of Ngoen Yang (previously Hiran , Thai อาณาจักร หิรัญเงิน ยาง , Chinese sources call it Ba Bai Xifu) was a domain of the Tai Yuan in northern Thailand between the 7th and 13th centuries . Ngoen Yang replaced the former kingdom of Yonok .

The first capital of the new kingdom was near Vieng Prueksa (the old Hiran) in today's Amphoe Mae Sai , later near Ngoen Yang (today's Chiang Saen ) in the province of Chiang Rai . King Mengrai was the last king of Ngoen Yang and formed the new kingdom of Lan Na with the new capital Chiang Rai in 1262 .

In 545 an earthquake destroyed the capital of Yonok, Nak Nakhon . The Tai then moved to Vieng Prueksa ("City of Councils") and formed an elective monarchy. In 638, however, King Kalavarnadit of Lavo ( Lop Buri ) forced the citizens of Vieng Prueksa to accept Lavachakkraj as their king. This seems to have been a tribal leader from the area, perhaps a member of the mountain people of the Lawa , who was able to win Lavo's favor; in any case, he renamed Vieng Prueksa Hiran. The Lavachakkraj dynasty ruled for about 700 years.

Around 850 the ninth king of Hiran founded the city of Ngoen Yang near Chiang Saen and later formed the new capital there. The territory extended from Chiang Saen in the west to parts of northern Laos from Luang Phrabang to Thaeng (near present-day Dien Bien Phu ) in Vietnam . The Chiang Hung (Heokam) of the Tai Lue brought Ngoenyang in 1250 under his control until the invasion of the Mongols again shift the balance of power brought with it, and in 1287 to a tripartite agreement between Mengrai, Ramkhamhaeng of Sukhothai and Ngam Mueang of Phayao led .

The people of Ngoen Yang were followers of Theravada Buddhism , which had its most important center in Hariphunchai in the south . When Mengrai was crowned King of Ngoen Yang, he moved the capital to Chiang Rai. In 1281 Mengrai broke into Hariphunchai and took its center, today's Lamphun .

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ongsakul (2005), p. 24
  2. ↑ The Nan Chronicle names Mueang Tha Sai Ngoen Yang and Mueang Ngoen Yang Tha Sai , which means "Ngoen Yang on the sandy beach"