Niellim
Niellim ( LWAA: ) | ||
---|---|---|
Spoken in |
Southwest Chad | |
speaker | 5,000 | |
Linguistic classification |
Niger-Congo
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Language codes | ||
ISO 639-3 |
never |
Niellim (autonym lwaà:) is a Bua language that is spoken by around 5,000 people (as of 1993) along the Shari River in southern Chad .
It is mainly spoken in two areas: in the traditional homeland between 9 ° 30 'and 9 ° 50' N, corresponding to the former chiefdoms Pra, Niellim and Niou and further north around the city of Sarh (where many to most speakers have migrated ).
Niellim borders on several languages of various language families - especially Sara , Ndam and Laal - and is influenced by the local lingua franca , Chadian-Arabic , which in turn has displaced the former lingua franca , Bagirmi . But the Niellim also influenced the Laal. It is notably homogeneous. As a small minority group in Chad , speakers usually have to learn other languages, especially French and Standard Arabic . Some also speak Baguirmi, Sara and Bua as a second language .
literature
- Pascal Boyeldieu, La langue lua ("niellim") (Groupe Boua - Moyen-Chari, Tchad) Phonology - Morphology - Dérivation verbale . Descriptions des langues et monographes ethnologuistiques, 1. Cambridge University Press & Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme for SELAF. Paris 1985. ISBN 0-521-27069-3 (CUP). (A source for this article.)
- P. Boyeldieu, "Esquisse phonologique du lua (" niellim ") de Niou (Moyen-Chari)", in Jean-Paul Caprile (ed.), Etudes phonologiques tchadiennes , Paris: SELAF 1977.
- P. Boyeldieu and C. Seignobos, "Contribution à l'étude du pays niellim (Moyen-Chari - Tchad)", L'homme et le milieu, Aspects du développement au Tchad , Series: Lettres, Langues vivantes et Sciences humaines, no . 3, 1975, pp. 67-98. Includes an 80-word comparative list for Niellim and three Tunia varieties, with some remarks on regular correspondences
- P. Boyeldieu & C. Seignobos, Contribution à l'étude du pays niellim , Université du Tchad / INTSH, N'djamena, 1974. Includes word lists for Kwa Tchini (Niellim dialect) and Kwa Perim (Tunia dialect).
- M. Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Documents sur les langues de l'Oubangui-Chari , Paris, 1907. Includes (pp. 107–122) a 200-word comparative list of Bua, Niellim, Fanian, and Tunia, with a brief grammar and some phrases collected by Decorse.
- J. Lukas, Zentralalsudanisches Studien , Hamburg, Friedrichsen, de Gruyter & Cie, 1937. Gives the wordlists of Nachtigal, zu Mecklenburg, Barth, and Gaudefroy-Demombynes for Bua (~ 400 words), Niellim (~ 200 words), and Koke (~ 100 words).
- P. Palayer, "Notes sur les Noy du Moyen-Chari (Tchad)", Les langues du groupe Boua , N'djamena, INSH, "Etudes et documents tchadiens", Série C (Linguistique), no. 2, pp. 196-219. Elements of Noy, plus a 50-word comparative list of Noy, Niellim (2 dialects), Tunia, Iro Gula.