Renal pelvic cancer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Classification according to ICD-10
C65 Malignant neoplasm of the renal pelvis
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The renal pelvis carcinoma or renal pelvis cancer is a malignant tumor of the surface tissue of the renal pelvis . The majority of these carcinomas are transitional or urothelial carcinomas , rarely also squamous cell carcinomas . The proportion of this type of tumor in kidney tumors is approx. 5–10%. The ratio between men and women is 3: 1. The disease occurs particularly after the age of 50. The 5-year survival rate is given as 18–55%.

Symptoms

The most common sign of carcinoma of the renal pelvis is blood in the urine ( hematuria ). If the tumor presses on the ureter , urinary congestion, combined with cramp-like pain or urinary tract infections, can occur.

diagnosis

If the symptoms of renal pelvic cancer are present, they must be clarified by means of sonography , x-rays or computed tomography (CT) of the abdominal cavity. The size, position and changes in tissue are assessed.

Other methods of diagnosing a tumor are:

  • Excretory urography - an injected contrast medium that is excreted through the kidneys is made visible via a special X-ray
  • Pyelography (rare) - the contrast agent is introduced into the renal pelvis through a catheter and then made visible through an X-ray.

therapy

As a rule, the entire affected kidney and the corresponding ureters must be surgically removed along with the point of entry into the urinary bladder ( nephroureterectomy ). Partial removal is only possible for very small, limited tumors.

When chemotherapy is used, a drug to inhibit cell growth ( cytostatic ) is placed near the tumor using a thin catheter. If metastases are present , the entire body must be treated with chemotherapy.

Radiotherapy may be used to follow up after operations .