Nihon Buyo

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Traditional Japanese dance

Nihon Buyō ( Japanese 日本 舞 踊 , German "Japanese dance", also Nichibu 日 舞 or Hōbu 邦 舞 ) describes the traditional Japanese dance art. As a collective term, Nihon Buyō in the broader sense denotes forms that sometimes go back a long way in history and were combined with music and song. These first forms can be roughly divided into a more stylized form, for example for performance at court by professional (professional) dancers, and a more popular form that is more rooted in everyday life. In comparison, the stylized form is usually more abstract in representation and more economical in movement. In a narrower sense, Nihon Buyō describes dance forms that are usually performed on stage. These 400-year-old forms began with the emergence of the Nō theater. Its development is shaped by five large schools and in connection with the Japanese stage arts (in addition to the Nō also the Kabuki ). Since the Second World War, new elements have been added that lead to a modernization of the traditionalist dance forms of mai ( 舞 ) and odori ( 踊 ).

Overview

The name Buyō was first coined in the Meiji period by Shōyō Tsubouchi and Gen'ichirō Fukuchi as a neologism (new word) and translation of the English word dance . As a compound , it is made up of the two terms mai and odori , similar to the word love ( 恋愛 , ren-ai ). The term became common property not least because of its widespread use in Tsubouchi's own work Shingakugeki-ron ( 新 楽 劇 論 , German for "Treatise on the New Musical Drama"). As the need soon arose to distinguish between traditional Japanese dance and dance forms that were meant by the translation of the English word, Nihon ( 日本 , Japan ) was added to the specification .

Typical props of Japanese dance are the kimono , umbrella and fan .

Dance forms (buyō in the broader sense)

Dancing geisha

Traditional Japanese dance can be roughly divided into three forms: mai , odori, and furi ( 振 り ).

May

This dance form is performed combined with music or singing. It is characterized by circular and calm movements.

  • Solemn offering at the imperial court
    • as part of the Gagaku court music
    • Bugaku ( 舞 楽 )
  • Performances at popular religious festivals
  • Forms that combine singing and the dance form mai
    • Sarugaku ( 猿 楽 )
    • Shirabyōshi ( 白 拍子 )
    • Ennen ( 延年 )
    • Kusemai ( 曲 舞 )
    • Kōwakamai ( 幸 若 舞 )
  • pure stage art
    • Nōgaku ( 能 楽 )
Odori
  • as mass entertainment
    • Nenbutsu odori ( 念 仏 踊 り )
    • Bon odori ( 盆 踊 り )
      • Awa odori (阿波 踊 り )
      • Gujō odori ( 郡 上 踊 り )
      • Nishimonai odori ( 西馬 音 内 踊 り )
Furi
  • Small form - in small rooms with tatami mats and screen
    • Kamigata may ( 上方 舞 )
  • Stage forms
    • Kabuki buyō ( 歌舞 伎 舞 踊 )
      • Shōsagoto ( 所作 事 , pantomime dance in Kabuki), this also includes the Jōruri , the accompaniment to the puppet show, and the Nagauta , a ballad with shamisen accompaniment .
Modern (ized) forms
  • forms based on the Japanese martial arts
    • Hō no te ( 棒 の 手 )
    • Kenbu ( 剣 舞 )
    • Shibu ( 詩 舞 )
  • Contemporary dance forms
    • Shin buyō ( 新 舞 踊 )
    • Kayō buyō ( 歌 謡 舞 踊 )
    • Gin'ei kenshibu ( 吟詠 剣 詩 舞 )

Nihon Buyō in the narrower sense

There are currently about 200 schools that practice traditional Japanese dances. These include in particular the "five great schools" ( 五大 流派 , Godai ryūha ): the "Hanayagi school" ( 花柳 流 ), the "Fujima school" ( 藤 間 流 ), the "Kawayagi school" ( 若 柳 流 ), to name the "Nishikawa School" ( 西川 流 ) and the "Bandō School" ( 坂 zu ).

While only 14 schools were to be found on the schedule of 1852, the number of schools rose rapidly in the Taishō period . After the Second World War, development continued in two different directions. 120 schools with around 6000 dancers joined the Nihon Buyō Kyōkai ( 日本 舞 踊 協会 , English "The Japanese Classical Dance Association"). Schools that have not yet joined the association and a large number of schools that modernized dance forms ( 新 舞 踊 , shinbuyō ) are developing parallel to this.

The five big schools

  1. The Hanayagi School was founded in 1849 by Jusuke Hanayagi ( 花柳 壽 輔 ), who learned dance and choreography from Senzō Nishikawa IV ( 西川 扇 藏 , 1797-1845). Today the school is run by the fourth generation of Jusuke Hanayagi IV. With 15 to 20,000 members, it is the largest of the five schools.
  2. The Fujima School was founded in 1704 by Kanbee Fujima ( 藤 間 勘 兵衛 ). In the 19th century, two currents developed, one under the direction of Kanemon Fujima ( 藤 間 勘 右衛門 ) from which the Matsumoto school emerged, the other under Kanjurō Fujima ( 藤 間 勘 十郎 ).
  3. The Kawayagi School was founded in 1893 by Judō Wakayagi ( 若 柳 壽 童 ). The hallmark of this school is the frequent use of hand movements.
  4. The Nishikawa school was in the Genroku period around 1700 by Senzō Nishikawa III. founded, making it the oldest of the five schools with a tradition of more than 300 years.
  5. The Bandō school was founded in the Bunka period around 1800 by Mitsugorō Bandō III. ( 坂 東 三 津 五郎 ), who is considered the master of pantomime dance in the Edo period kabuki.

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ Mai and Odori denote independent dance forms. The Onyomi reading is used for the compound Buyō . With the introduction of this “concept of art”, the two dance forms are increasingly perceived as less independent.
  2. ↑ Nihon is reproduced adjectivally as Japanese throughout . However, a genitive rendering with Dances of Japan is also conceivable , whereby the genitive marker no is omitted .
  3. ↑ Kamigata refers to the region between Kyōto and Osaka, which was a center of Buyō in the Edo period alongside Edo . As Tokyo overtook the region as a cultural center, a small form developed in Kamigata, which was mainly presented in small rooms with tatami mats.
  4. ↑ Shinbuyō literally means new dance . These are mostly schools that incorporate elements from other areas, such as martial arts. In this respect, they are both new and modernizing. What is not meant is a dance form that is modern per se and that is completely different from traditional Japanese dance.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 日本 舞 踊 . In: デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus at kotobank.jp. Retrieved May 11, 2013 (Japanese).
  2. ↑ 日本 舞 踊 . 日本 文化 い ろ は 事 典 , accessed May 11, 2013 (Japanese, 2004–2008).
  3. ^ Outline of the Association. (No longer available online.) The Japanese Classical Dance Association ( 日本 舞 踊 協会 ), archived from the original on November 10, 2012 ; Retrieved May 11, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nihonbuyou.or.jp

Web links

Commons : Traditional Japanese Dance  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files
  • What is nihon buyo? The Japanese Classical Dance Association (日本 舞 踊 協会 ), accessed May 11, 2013 .
  • 『舞 踊 學』 総 目次 . Japanese Society for Dance Research (舞 踊 学会),accessed May 11, 2013(Japanese).
  • 日本 舞 踊 . 日本 文化 い ろ は 事 典,accessed on May 11, 2013(Japanese, student encyclopedia that emphasizes the connection to Kabuki .; 2004–2008).