Nikitin-Shevchenko IS-1

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Nikitin-Shevchenko IS-1
f2
Type: Fighter plane
Design country:

Soviet Union 1923Soviet Union Soviet Union

Manufacturer:
First flight:

1940

Number of pieces:

1

The Nikitin Shevchenko IS-1 was a double-decker - fighter that in 1940 in the Soviet Union by the designers Vassily Nikitin and Vladimir Vasilyevich Shevchenko was designed. The special feature of this type was a pneumatic mechanism with which the lower of the two wings can be retracted and extended in flight, thus converting the aircraft from a double to a monoplane .

history

The basic concept of the so-called Istrebitel Skladnoi (for example: " Foldable Fighter"), a fighter plane that can be converted from a double to a monoplane during flight, originally goes back to Vladimir Vasilyevich Shevchenko. At the beginning of the 1930s - at that time still in Tupolev's design office  - he had successfully completed tests on a modified Tupolev I-4 double-decker from which the lower wings had been removed. The top speed increased significantly, while the length required for take-off and landing increased. Shevchenko first came up with the idea of ​​designing an aircraft that could change its wing configuration in flight. With this possibility it was hoped to combine the better take-off, landing and maneuvering properties of a biplane with the high speed and modernity of a monoplane. In particular, Shevchenko's declared aim was to avoid the inevitable extension of the runways when converting the Soviet air force to modern monoplane by constructing a type that combines the best features of both wing configurations.

Together with Wassili Wassiljewitsch Nikitin, Shevchenko set his basic idea with the design of an all-metal double-decker with a pneumatically retractable landing gear and wings of different widths, of which the smaller lower one could also be pneumatically retracted into a recess in the bow provided for this purpose. The upper wing was shaped like a gull wing, similar to the PZL P.7 or Loire 46 types . Many elements of the fuselage were taken from the Polikarpow I-153 construction , on the one hand to accelerate the construction of the prototype and, on the other hand, to accelerate the subsequent series production. The drive delivered a 900-hp Shvetsov M-63 - radial engine . It was an armament of four 7.62-mm SchKAS - machine guns installed. The construction was named IS-1 ( Istrebitel Skladnoi 1 ). There are different information in the literature about the date of the first flight, ranging from May 29, 1940 to November 6, 1940. The fact is that initially some flights took place in a pure double-decker configuration, whereupon the lower wing was folded in for the first time about a month later.

The first flight tests showed that the lower wing could be retracted within 7 to 10 seconds, meaning that Shevchenko's idea could be successfully implemented. The top speed in the double-decker configuration was about 150 km / h less than in the monoplane configuration, in which it was 453 km / h.

However, no further prototype was built after the tests. Instead, the design resulted in the further developed Nikitin-Shevchenko IS-2 type , which was already intended as a model for the planned series production.

Technical specifications

Parameter Data
crew 1
Passengers
length 6.79 m
span 8.60 m (upper wing)
7.62 (lower wing)
height 2.74 m
Wing area 20.8 m² (both wings) or
13.0 m² (lower wing folded in)
Wing extension
payload ? kg
Empty mass 1400 kg
Takeoff mass 2300 kg
Top speed 453 km / h at 4900 m flight altitude in single-deck configuration
400 km / h at ground level in single-deck configuration
approx. 300 km / h in double-deck configuration
Rate of climb 610 m / min or 10.16 m / s
Service ceiling 8800 m
Range 600 km
Engines a 9- cylinder star engine Schwezow M-63 ; 900 hp
Armament four 7.62 mm SchKAS -MG

See also

literature

  • William Green, Gordon Swanborough: The Great Book of Fighters. (Hardback edition). Motorbooks International, 2001, ISBN 0-7603-1194-3 (English).

Web links