National communism
National communism describes a form of Marxist-Leninist social schemes .
The Marxist-Leninist political order is to be brought into harmony with the particular conditions of a state and its historical traditions in economic and cultural terms. The publicist Karl Otto Paetel , who is himself committed to national communism, sees the German revolution of 1918 , with u. a. the workers' uprisings in Hamburg , the birth of national communism. The Hamburg Association of Communists , which was unofficially known as National Communists for a while , was sharply criticized by Lenin in his work Childhood Diseases of Communism (1920) because it strictly rejected the "Hamburg National Bolsheviks " within the international communist movement .
After the defeat of workers 'uprisings and republics (1919–1923) in the countries of Western and Central Europe, a discussion began in the CPSU on the relationship between the requirements of the international workers' movement and the necessity of world revolution on the one hand and the requirements of building socialism and the foreign policy interests of the young Soviet Union. During this time in 1923/24 Stalin developed the thesis of socialism in one country . This can be understood as a break with the strict internationalist orientation of the communist program towards national communism.
In 1945/46 communist parties , wherever they came to power, developed a view of the national special path to communism , as in Yugoslavia, Albania, China and North Korea. The leadership in Moscow opposed other versions of Stalinist or national communist politics not for ideological reasons, but to defend their own hegemony. After Stalin's death in 1953, national communist ideas were increasingly accompanied by reform communist ideas. The Soviet Union tried to maintain the ideological unity of the communist movement and enforced it, especially in the Eastern Bloc, by force. The suppression of the uprising in Hungary in 1956 and the Prague Spring in 1968 should be emphasized here . The policy of perestroika under the government of Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985 with the rejection of the Brezhnev doctrine led to the ineffectiveness of national and reform communist ideas. Instead it led to the end of communist rule by advancing democratization.
See also
further reading
- Ernst Rhinelander: National Communism . A practical-scientific study of the national planned economy . Karlsruhe 1932
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Otto Paetel: The Hamburg national communism . In: History in Science and Education , 10th year 1959, pp. 734–743.
- ↑ http://lexikon.meyers.de/meyers/Nationalkommunismus ( Memento from April 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive )