Left nationalism
The term left nationalism describes a form of inclusive nationalism , which is often based on equality , popular sovereignty ( sovereignty ) and national self-determination . The ideologies of national communism , national Bolshevism and national socialism are closely related to left-wing nationalism. A variety of left nationalism is Arab socialism , which u. a. also amalgamated Islamist elements.
Historical left nationalism
Left nationalism has its roots in Jacobinism of the French Revolution of 1789. Over time, it also encompassed anti-imperialism and is in contrast to right- wing exclusive nationalism, although in the past marginal excesses of left nationalism also included intolerance and racial prejudice.
Known left-nationalist movements in history are the Indian National Congress (INC), which under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , the independence of India sought that of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk founded, Turkish Republican People's Party (CHP) under Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu , the Kemalist national Communist Ulusalcılık- or Aydınlık movement under the leadership of the Fatherland Party Doğu Perinçeks , the Sinn Féin during the Irish War of Independence and during the Northern Ireland conflict , as well as the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa under Nelson Mandela , who fought against apartheid at the time . The chairman of the left-wing pan-African party Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa, Julius Malema , even represents openly racist positions.
Left nationalism also appeared in more authoritarian forms: the Arab-Socialist Ba'ath parties in Syria and Iraq support pan-Arabism and state socialism . The Nasserism also represented a pan-Arab brand of left nationalism. The Yugoslav dictator and president of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito supported a left-nationalist Pan Südslawismus .
present
Some parties in the former Eastern Bloc countries such as the Slovak Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (HZDS) or the Romanian Social Democrats of the PSD are classified as left-wing nationalists, in Western Europe the Scottish National Party (SNP), which advocates an independent Scotland and ruled to this day .
The cultural sociologist Thomas Wagner attested the New Right in Germany a tendency towards left nationalism. Wagner's study of the literature of the New Right formed the basis for his 2017 published work Die Angstmacher: 1968 and the New Right . Die Welt also classifies Venezuela's President Nicolás Maduro of the Socialist Unity Party of Venezuela (PSUV, the exact translation is “United Socialist Party of Venezuela”) as left-wing nationalist.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Anne Sa'adah : Contemporary France: a Democratic Education . Rowman Littlefield & Publishers, Lanham 2003. pp. 17-20.
- ^ A b c Angel Smith and Stefan Berger : Nationalism, Labor and Ethnicity 1870–1939 . Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York 1999. p. 30.
- ^ Gerard Delanty and Krishan Kumar : The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism . Sage Publications Ltd., London, Thousand Oaks (California), New Delhi 2006. p. 542.
- ^ South Africa regional elections: Julius Malema - rival, rebel, racist - SPIEGEL ONLINE
- ^ Vjekoslav Perica : Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. Oxford University Press, New York 2002. p. 98.
- ^ Georg Brunner: Two sides of the integration medal: ability to join and willingness to accept. In: Klaus Stern (ed.): Future problems of the European Union. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1997, ISBN 3-11-015887-6 , p. 35.
- ^ Olaf Leisse, Utta-Kristin Leiße, Alexander Richter: Accession Barometer Romania. Basic problems of the country and attitudes of Romanian young people on the way to the European Union. DUV, Wiesbaden 2004, p. 51.
- ↑ Left, national and charismatic. In: WOZ The weekly newspaper . March 23, 2017, accessed January 8, 2019 .
- ↑ Help, Nazis! How the German public is making the new rights great. In: NZZ.ch . October 16, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017 .
- ↑ Guaidó claims to have secretly met with the military in Venezuela welt.de, "New York Times" guest article from January 31, 2019 (accessed on January 31, 2019)