23 Nikolskaya Street

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Photo from 1911

The house at 23 Nikolskaya Street ( Russian: Никольская улица, дом 23 ) is a building in Moscow with roots that go back to the 17th century. From 1934 to 1955 it was the seat of the Military College of the Supreme Court of the USSR . From 1935 to 1990 Nikolskaya Street was called October 25th Street (Russian: улица 25 Октября ).

Building history and use

The building was erected in the 17th century and a document from that time states that it was owned by Ivan Andreevich Khovansky , who received the boyar dignity in 1659 . For 1790 it is known that the house belonged to Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev and was newly built with three floors, but in 1808 it belonged to the town's craftsmen's council. For the year 1835 the writer Nikolai Stankewitsch is known as a resident, in whose literary circle the anarchist Mikhail Bakunin frequented.

Shooting list for the attention of the Military Collegium for 145 people in Leningrad during the Stalinist purges of 1937 with the signatures of Stalin, Voroshilov , Kaganovich , Zhdanov and Molotov

In 1935 the property became the seat of the Military College of the Supreme Court of the USSR under the chairmanship of Ulrich Vasily Vasilyevich . Within two years from 1936 to 1938, during the time of the Great Terror , over 31,000 people were shot in the house, many without a lawyer or even witnesses, let alone legal remedies. The house therefore bore the name of the "execution house" ( Расстрельный дом ). People's commissars , a hundred famous professors or three hundred directors of leading companies died in it .

The attempt from 2008 to put the historic house, in which the traces of the shootings could still be seen in the cellars in the 1990s, for public use, failed due to various changes of ownership and unknown owners. The house was included in the draft of an order issued by President Putin on December 1, 2012 in the working group to commemorate the victims of political repression as an object for a memorial. Although agreed with the presidential administration and supported by the human rights council of the Russian president and a commission from the city of Moscow, this goal was not achieved. A shop should be opened in it in 2019.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The house of the firing squad. Nikolskaya 23 , Novaya Gazeta, August 28, 2013
  2. ↑ Chanel No 37 , Novaya Gazeta, July 19, 2018

Coordinates: 55 ° 45 ′ 31.5 ″  N , 37 ° 37 ′ 27.9 ″  E