Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev

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Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetew ( NI Argunow , 1801–1803)

Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev ( Russian Николай Петрович Шереметев * June 28 . Jul / 9. July  1751 greg. , † January 2 jul. / 14. January  1809 greg. In Moscow ) was Russian Chamberlain , director of the Moscow nobility bank director of the Imperial Theater and Patron .

Life

Nikolai Sheremetev, son of General en chef and art lover Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev and grandson of Field Marshal General Count Boris Petrovich Sheremetev , received an excellent home education. In 1761 he became a chamberlain . In the following year, accompanied by WG Wroblewski, he began a four-year trip to the Netherlands , where he attended lectures at the University of Leiden , to England , France , where he learned to play the cello in Paris and got to know Mozart , to Switzerland and Germany . Back in Russia he did the court service again in St. Petersburg .

In 1777 Sheremetev became the chief director of the Moscow Noble Bank. From 1786–1794 he belonged to the 5th Department of the Senate and from 1796–1800 to the Surveying Department . In 1798 he became Lord Chamberlain, director of the Imperial Theater and a member of a special commission that was supposed to determine the order of precedence for the admission of Russian nobles to the Order of Malta , whose grand master was Tsar Paul .

Sheremetev loved music and the theater and had pieces performed in the specially built theater wing of the Sheremetev city hall in Moscow and also in Kuskovo , where serfs were trained to be actors. The talented actors and musicians of the Sheremetev Theater studied in St. Petersburg and Moscow. In 1792 Sheremetev had the most important serf theater of his time built at the Sheremetev country estate of Ostankino, northeast of Moscow. There were operas , ballets and comedies listed. The comic operas by Nicolas Dalayrac and others predominated . Sheremetev was the first in Russia to turn to Gluck's reform operas . In 1804 the serf theater ceased operations.

Since 1797 Sheremetev lived in St. Petersburg's Sheremetev Palace on the Fontanka . In 1800 Sheremetev took his leave and settled in Moscow in a property on Vozdvischenka Street, which he had acquired from his brother-in-law, Count AK Rasumowski . In 1801 he married the serf actress Parasha Shemchugova , whom he had given charter in 1798 . In February 1803 she gave birth to her son Dmitri and died three weeks later. In April 1803, by order of Tsar Alexander, he was presented with a gold medal with his portrait in the General Assembly of the Senate.

Sheremetev's Hospital and Hospital (Sklifossovsky Institute) in Moscow

In accordance with the wishes of his late wife, Sheremetev now devoted himself to charity . He donated a portion of its capital for aid to poor craftsmen and young unmarried women and to build a poorhouse and hospital for the poor in Moscow. He had intended to build a poor house for 100 people of both sexes and a free hospital with 50 beds in the early 1790s. For the construction he designated a piece of land from the inheritance of his mother, the last princess Cherkasskaya, and commissioned the Moscow architect J. S. Nazarow , who helped out with his relative VI Bashenov and applied many of his techniques. He designed a monumental mansion in the style of a Belvedere . A Trinity Church was built for this purpose. The house was only opened in 1810 after Sheremetev's death. Now it is the Moscow Sklifossovsky Institute for Medical First Aid .

In addition to the buildings in Kuskovo and Ostankino, Sheremetev had houses built in Pavlovsk and Gatchina and churches in monasteries in Moscow, Rostov and other places.

Sheremetev was buried in the Sheremetev's family funeral in St. Petersburg's Alexander Nevsky Monastery .

Honors

Web links

Commons : Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Sheremetev's Poor and Hospital (Sklifossovsky Institute) in Moscow  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Русский биографический словарь: Шереметев, Николай Петрович. St. Petersburg, Moscow 1896–1918.
  2. ↑ a b N. P. Sheremetev (accessed September 9, 2016).
  3. ^ Priscilla Roosevelt: Life on the Russian Country Estate: A Social and Cultural History . Yale University Press, New Haven 1995, pp. 247 .
  4. ↑ Sheremetev Palace (accessed September 9, 2016).
  5. ↑ А. Рогов: Шереметев и Жемчугова . Вагриус, 2007.
  6. ^ Douglas Smith: A True Tale of Forbidden Love in Catherine the Great's Russia . Yale University Press, New Haven 2008.
personal data
SURNAME Sheremetev, Nikolai Petrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Шереметев, Николай Петрович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian chamberlain, director of the Moscow Noble Bank, director of the Imperial Theater and patron
DATE OF BIRTH July 9, 1751
DATE OF DEATH January 14, 1809
Place of death Moscow