Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev

Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev ( NI Argunow , 1760)

Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev ( Russian Пётр Борисович Шереметев ; born February 26 ^{. Jul} / 9. March  1713 ^greg. In Roslavl , † November 30 ^jul. / 11. December  1788 ^greg. In Priluki ) was a Russian General , Chamberlain and patron .

Life

Sheremetev was the eldest son of Field Marshal Count Boris Petrovich Sheremetev and godchild of the Cossack hetman Ivan Skoropadskyj . At the request of Tsar Peter I , he was immediately accepted as a Praporschtschik in the Preobrazhensk body guard regiment and was the playmate of the Tsar's son Peter II , with whom he grew up and studied. Empress Catherine I promoted the 13-year-old Sheremetev to Podporutschik . Immediately after his coronation, Peter II promoted him to Porutschik in 1728 and to Kapitan Porutschik in the Preobrazhensk bodyguard regiment in 1729. Sheremetev did not get along with the favorite of Emperor Peter II Ivan Dolgorukov , so that he stayed away from the court and, however, unsuccessfully opposed the marriage of his sister Natalia Borisovna Sheremeteva with Ivan Dolgorukov.

In 1738 Sheremetev was promoted to captain by Empress Anna . In 1739, on the occasion of the marriage of Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldowna with Duke Anton Ulrich von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and the establishment of her court in 1739, Empress Anna appointed Sheremetev Chamberlain and 1741 Chamberlain of the Imperial Court with an annual salary of 1,500 rubles .

In 1742 Sheremetew was confirmed in this office by Empress Elisabeth after her accession to the throne and received the Order of Anna three months later on the occasion of her coronation and appointment of Duke Karl Peter Ulrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf as heir to the throne. In 1743 Sheremetev married Princess Varvara Alexejewna Cherkassky, daughter of the Russian Chancellor Alexei Cherkassky and heiress of the greatest fortune in Russia . In 1744, on the day of the celebration of peace with Sweden, he received the Alexander Nevsky Order . In 1754 he was promoted to lieutenant general, losing his court title. In 1758 he accepted the Order of the White Eagle from the King of Poland with imperial permission . In 1760 he became General en chef and Adjudant-général to the Empress.

1762 received Sheremetev from Emperor Peter III. at his accession to the throne the Order of Andrew and the appointment as Lord Chamberlain at the Imperial Court.

In 1762 Sheremetev was appointed senator by Empress Catherine II when she took office in 1762 . Sheremetev with some other selected senators attended Catherine's coronation in Moscow , while the other senators had to do their service in St. Petersburg . In 1763, Sheremetev received a one-year vacation at his own request. When the Senate was divided into departments in 1764, Sheremetev belonged to the 4th Department. In 1767 he was appointed to the commission for the preparation of a new code of law, at whose meetings he declared his willingness to free the peasants from serfdom .

Kuskovo Castle

Sheremetev's wife Varvara died in 1767 and his daughter Anna died in 1768. He then asked to leave all his offices, which was granted to him in 1768. As the master of 140,000 farmers, he was now living his pleasure. In addition to his huge estates, especially near Moscow, he also owned the Pebalk , Orrishof, Neuhof, Kapershof, Haselau and Hiljamois estates in Livonia . He became known as an eccentric with his love for the arts , luxurious lifestyle, and wealth. He ordered political and philosophical books from abroad . In the 1770s he published his father's correspondence with Peter I. He owned the best theater and orchestra in Russia. He continued his father's collection of portrait - paintings on the Sheremetev Manor Kuskovo continue so that there is the best art gallery in Russia originated in the 18th century. His employees were anxious to constantly buy rare minerals , fossils and animals, busts of Greek gods, and prints of pictures by the painter Murillo . He planned yachts with crews and cannons on the lake in front of the Kuskovo Castle , and he bought rare shells to decorate the Kuskovo Cave . In doing so, he remained a careful steward of his vast property. He had the Sheremetev Palace in St. Petersburg built on the Fontanka by his serf architect F. S. Argunow . He set up schools for his serfs, he resisted the exploitation of the peasants and saved the weak from exertion so that they could recover. He let apricots and other greenhouse - delicacies grow to friendship with the General Procurator of the Senate Prince Vyazemsky to maintain. Despite his careful management, avoiding unnecessary expense, he did not shy away from spending for the sake of the family's honor, so that at the reception of Catherine II at Kuskovo Castle, he gave splendid celebrations, the extent and generosity of which impressed the foreigners.

In 1776 Sheremetev became chief of the Moscow Uhlan Corps of the Muscovites. In 1780 he became an aristocratic marshal of the Moscow governorate .

Sheremetev was buried in Moscow's Novospassky Monastery. His work was continued by his son Count Nikolai Sheremetew .

Web links

Commons : Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Commons : Kuskovo Castle  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Brockhaus-Efron : Шереметев, Пётр Борисович.
2. ↑ Русский биографический словарь: Шереметев, Пётр Борисович. St. Petersburg, Moscow 1896–1918.
3. ↑ August Wilhelm Hupel : Materials on a Liefland aristocratic history, according to the order adopted by the last local matriculation commission, along with other shorter essays, etc. Johann Friedrich Hartknoch , Riga 1788, p. 620 .
4. ↑ Letters of Peter the Great to General Field Marshal, .. Boris Petrovich Sheremetev (accessed on September 11, 2016).
5. ↑ In 'Kuskovo', Manor Museum is opening an exhibition of portraits from the collection of Count Pyotr Sch Sheremetev (accessed on September 11, 2016).
6. ↑ Sheremetev Palace (accessed September 9, 2016).
7. ↑ Sheremetev Palace (Шереметовский дворец) (accessed September 11, 2016).