Noble marshal

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The noble marshal , also governorate noble marshal , was the chairman and head of self-government in the Russian governorates . During the Russian rule in the Baltic States between 1785 and 1796 there was a noble marshal in each of the Baltic Governments of Livonia , Estonia and the island of Ösel . In 1795, in the Baltic Sea Governorate of Courland , which was incorporated into the Russian Empire , the aristocratic marshal replaced the “Land Plenipotentiary” for one year in 1796. The duties of the aristocratic marshal resulted from the Russian nobility order of 1785.

In Germany, from 1920 to 1945, the chairman of the German Aristocracy Association was dubbed Adelsmarschall, but this had no political function.

The Baltic Knightships

The representatives of each Ritterschaften were called to 1785 in Estonia knighthood captain in Livonia and on the island of Osel Landmarschall and Kurland country representative. The island of Oesel occupied a special position, it belonged administratively to the governorate of Estonia, but had its own knighthood of Oesel and nevertheless elected a noble marshal.

From 1796 a new order followed in the Baltic Sea Governments, with which Tsar Paul I (1754–1801) restored the old order of 1785. The representatives of the knighthoods got their original names and tasks back.

Öselsche noble marshal

From 1753 until its dissolution, the knighthood of Ösel was led by a noble marshal. The person in charge of the reorganization of the Ösel self-government was Baron Balthasar von Campenhausen , he was from 1783 on Ösel Livonia's lieutenant governor and from 1783 Lorenz Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken (1738–1795) served as aristocratic marshal. On September 15, 1786, the aristocratic marshal received instructions from the lieutenant governor to write out a state parliament for October 1, 1786, a new aristocratic marshal and various political institutions should be filled. On October 5, 1786, von Osten-Sacken was confirmed in his office.

Estonia and Livonia

In the governorates of Estonia and Latvia, the aristocratic marshals were the highest representatives of the Estonian knighthood to the civil governor from 1783 to 1796 and they were chairmen of the governor's assemblies. Livonia was only partitioned into Estonia and Latvia after 1919.

Aristocratic marshals in Estonia

Aristocratic Marshal in Livonia

Russian noble marshal

In the Russian governorates , the traditional designation "aristocratic marshal" for the noble representative was retained unchanged. The aristocratic system in Russia, with the exception of the Baltic , formerly Polish and some of the Little Russian countries, provided for a uniform structure. The governorate meetings were held every three years and were attended by aristocrats , landlords , farmers and townspeople . The district delegates also belonged to this conference . A member appointed directly by the tsar, the aristocratic marshal, headed the self-governing body as president. The decisions of the assembly and administration were passed with a one-third majority of votes. Some well-known Russian noble marshals were u. a .:

Aristocratic Marshal of the German Aristocratic Association

The management of the German Aristocratic Association, which was founded in 1874, was in the hands of an aristocratic marshal, elected for 10 years, who was elected by the aristocratic chapter. The title Adelsmarschall took place only from 1925 before that he was called chairman. The chairmen or aristocratic marshals from 1874 to 1956 were:

organization

The noble marshal appointed the members of the main board, this main board was the deputy of the noble marshal. The noble marshal called the noble chapter annually, this had the task of electing the noble marshal, carrying out the election of honorary members , adopting the annual budget , discharging the treasurer and finally it was the executive body.

Trivia

Schlaraffia is a worldwide German-speaking association founded on October 10, 1859 in Prague to cultivate friendship , art and humor . It is an association of men, its motto is “In arte voluptas”, “In art lies pleasure”. It is divided into the national associations Austria , Germany , Switzerland , North America and Latin America . Among their officials and dignitaries is also a "Kantzler as well as coat of arms and aristocratic marshal".

Web links

References and comments

  1. ^ Baltic Historical Commission : A - Baltic Legal Dictionary [1]
  2. ^ Organization of the German Nobility Association. To: Institute German Aristocracy Research - Sources for science, family research, genealogy [2]
  3. ↑ "In the course of the introduction of the Russian nobility order - which regulated the legal status of office holders in the military and civil service - in the Baltic Sea provinces (1785), the registered nobility of Liv and Estonia as well as Ösels lost the status of a corporation separated from the Russian nobility and was replaced by the Russian crown incorporated into the Russian rule and service structure through the rank table valid for the Russian nobility and through its service for the central state ”. Compare with: Ralph Tuchtenhagen , Central State and Province in Early Modern Northeast Europe , Otto Harrassowitz Verlag , 2008, ISBN 3447055227 , page 111 [3]
  4. ^ Baltic Historical Commission: A - Baltic Legal Dictionary [4]
  5. ↑ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Lorenz Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
  6. ↑ Peter Wilhelm von Buxhöwen , Contributions to the history of the province of Oesell , new edition, Verlag E. Götschel, 1838, original from Bayerische Staatsbibliothek , digitized July 14, 2011, pages 236 ff [5]
  7. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Alexander Philipp von Saltza. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
  8. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Leonard Johann von Budberg-Bönninghausen. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
  9. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (Ed.): Entry on Moritz Friedrich von Gersdorf. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
  10. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (Ed.): Entry on Otto Johann Magnus von Richter. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
  11. ↑ Compare: Category: Government of the Russian Empire
  12. ↑ Russia's rural conditions since the abolition of serfdom - Chapter I. About the Agrarian Organization of Russia. Lexicus-Verlag [6]
  13. ↑ A nobility chapter advises important questions of the association, it generally consists of the board, the chairmen of the family associations, the area representatives and other assessors. Using the example of the "Saxon nobility" Saxony - Thuringia - Saxony-Anhalt, association organs [7]
  14. ^ Organization of the German Nobility Association. To: Institute German Aristocracy Research - Sources for science, family research, genealogy [8]
  15. ^ Association Allschlaraffia®- What is Schlaraffia® [9]
  16. ↑ Compare "Schlaraffia Baruthia": Ambts and dignitaries 100 years Schlaraffia Baruthia ( Memento from July 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive )