Oesel's knighthood
The Oeselsche knighthood was from the second half of the 16th century until 1920, the political and legal merger of the predominantly German Baltic nobility on the island Oesel in today's Estonia . Due to the status privileges guaranteed by the respective sovereign, the political influence and the large agricultural landowners, the knighthood outside the cities was the ruling class of the country until the end of the 19th century. The Oeselsche Knighthood had its seat "Ritterhaus" in Arensburg .
history
Within the individual territories of Altlivland , the vassal families formed "knights" to defend and maintain their rights and possessions. As early as the 14th century, these corporate organizations were granted land-class rights and were officially recognized.
The privileges of the knighthoods were confirmed with changing sovereigns. This is what happened in 1561 by Sigismund II August the King of Poland, in 1629 by Gustav II Adolf the King of Sweden and in 1710 by Peter I the Russian Tsar .
In the course of the October Revolution in Russia in 1917 and the turmoil of World War I , Estonia on February 24, 1918 and Latvia on November 18, 1918, declared their state independence from Russia as republics. Attempts by the German Empire to bring the Baltic States politically under German sovereignty with the creation of the United Baltic Duchy ultimately failed in November 1918. The Oeselsche knighthood was then as a corporation of public law resolved.
After the Estonian land reform of 10 October 1919 , the remaining on Oesel German noblemen have joined forces in 1920 in "Oeselschen Charitable Association". This representation of the interests of former knightly families was dissolved with the resettlement in the Warthegau as a result of the Hitler-Stalin Pact . Today the Oeselsche Ritterschaft is organized in the Association of Baltic Knights eV, which was founded in 1949, and maintains many contacts with Oesel.
people
Knighthood captains
From 1655 to 1753 the knighthood was preceded by a knighthood captain:
- 1655–1661: Friedrich Sasse
- 1661 : Odert von Poll the Elder
- 1670 : Christian Poll
- 1699–1707: Johann von Vitinghoff
- 1707 : Carl Adam von Stackelberg (1669–1749)
- 1716 : Wolmar von Stackelberg
- 1720–1723: Friedrich Johann von Lode
- 1723–1726: Christian Friedrich von Poll
- 1726-1729: Karl Wilhelm von Stackelberg
- 1729–1732: Niclas von Krämer
- 1732–1737: Fredrich Johann von Lode
- 1737–1753: Otto Friedrich von Vietinghoff
Land Marshals
From 1753 until it was dissolved, the Oesel knighthood was led by a Land Marshal:
- 1753–1760: Reinhold Gustav von Nolcken
- 1760–1765: Hermann Gustav von Weymarn
- 1762–1772: Carl Gustav von Güldenstubbe
- 1772–1780: Otto Frommhold von Buhrmeister
- 1780–1783: Johann Christoph von Nolcken
- 1797–1800: Karl Johann Gustav von Ekesparre
- 1800–1806: Georg Friedrich von Saß
- 1806–1808: Otto Frommhold von Buhrmeister
- 1808–1813: Otto Magnus von Buxhoeveden
- 1813–1816: Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau
- 1816–1818: Peter Anton von Saß
- 1818–1841: Peter Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden
- 1843–1849: Georg Wilhelm von Ditmar
- 1849–1862: Karl Friedrich von Güldenstubbe
- 1864–1865: Karl Wilhelm Ottokar von Aderkas
- 1867–1876: Charles Freytag von Loringhoven
- 1876–1906: Oskar von Ekesparre (1839–1925)
- 1906–1919: Alexander Peter Eduard von Buxhoeveden
Coat of arms of the knighthood
Motto : D as W ort G Otte B leibet E wiglich
Affiliation
The nobility register was completed in 1741 and 1742.
Enrolled genders
Genders extinct within the knighthood are marked with (†), families completely extinct in the male line are marked with (††). Furthermore, several lines, branches or houses of a family can be enrolled separately and independently of each other, which is why double answers occur.
- A derkas
- Adlerberg (†)
- Agthe (†)
- B aer from Huthorn
- Baranoff
- Bartholomäi (†)
- Bekleschow (†)
- Bellingshausen (†)
- Berg adH Carmel (†)
- Berg adH Kandel (†)
- Bradke (†)
- Bruemmer (†)
- Bruiningk adH Hellenorm (†)
- Budde (††)
- Buddenbrook (†)
- Buhrmeister
- Buxhoeveden
- C ube
- Curland and Gahlen (†)
- Creutz (†)
- D annenstern (†) [down star]
- Dellingshausen
- Derfelden (†)
- Dittmar (†)
- E ck (†)
- Ekesparre
- eat
- F lemming (†)
- Freymann adH Nursie
- Freytagh-Loringhoven
- G ans (†)
- Gavel
- Gorchakov
- Graß ad H. Wittenpöwel (†)
- Grotenhielm (†)
- Güldenstubbe
- Guillemot de Villebois
- Guzkowski (†)
- Gyldenstubbe (†)
- H ahn
- Hahn ad H. Lahentagge Neu-Löwel
- Harrien (†)
- Hard
- Brighter (†)
- Helmersen
- Hove (†)
- Hoyningen-Huene
- K norre, Knorring
- Korff Schmysingk called Korff
- Kräfting (†)
- Chandler (†)
- Krüdener
- Heading
- L agerstjerna (†)
- Leps (†)
- Lieven
- Lilienfeld Toal
- Lingen
- Lode (†)
- Lowis of Menar
- Luce (†)
- Ludewig (†)
- M inckwitz (†)
- Moeller, Moller ad H. Sommerpahlen
- Möller ad H. Kersel (†)
- to the mills
- Neck lick
- O called most Sacken
- P ahlen
- Palm (†)
- Patkul
- Pauffler (†)
- Peetz (†)
- Pilar from Pilchau
- Poll
- Price (†)
- R ading (†)
- Rechenberg (†)
- Redkenhof (†)
- Rehekampff
- Rehren
- Rennkampff
- Judge
- Roemlingen (†)
- Rubusch (†)
- Stanchions (†)
- S amson-Himmelstjerna
- Sat
- Schmidt
- School man
- Shuvalov
- Sege von Laurenberg (†)
- Sengbusch
- Ssuworow-Rimnikski Italiiski (†)
- Stackelberg
- Strength (†)
- Stegeling (†)
- Stjernschantz (†)
- Strukoff (†)
- Szeliga-Mierzejewski
- T ideböhl (†)
- Tiesenhausen
- Tois (†)
- Great
- Dead life (†)
- Transehe-Roseneck
- Treyden (††)
- Tunzelmann (†)
- Ungern-Sternberg
- V egesack
- Vietinghoff-Scheel
- W arden castle
- Wettberg (††)
- Weymarn
- Wilcken ad H. Wesselsdorf (†)
- Wolff
- Wrede
- Z oege Manteuffel (†)
See also
literature
- Peter Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden : Contributions to the history of the province of Oesell. 1838.
- Nicolai von Essen (Hrsg.): Genealogical manual of the Oeselschen knighthood . Tartu 1935 (digitized) .
- August Wilhelm Hupel : Materials to an öselschen nobility story. In: Nordische Miscellaneen St. 20–21, Riga 1790, pp. 13–434 .
- Georg von Krusenstjern : The land marshals and district administrators of the Livonian and the Öselschen knighthood in portraits. Hamburg 1963.
- Odert von Poll: Oesel's knighthood. Knighthood Protocols 1699–1920 of the Oesel Knighthood Archives. 1993.
- On the history of the knights of Livonia and Oesel. ed. of the Livonian knighthood and of the Oesel knighthood, Pfaffenhofen / Ilm 1974.