Guillemot de Villebois (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Guillemots de Villebois

Guillemot de Villebois is the name of a French - Baltic noble family that settled in Livonia in 1774 . From their ranks come senior Russian officers , state politicians and judges who campaigned for the development of Livonia and Estonia .

history

The noble family Guillemot de Villebois came from a small Breton noble family, which was based in the port city of Vannes . The family can trace its origins back to the 15th century and was recognized as noble by the Royal Chamber in 1668. Originally the name only consisted of "Guillemot" (dt. Lummen ), but since the property names were also added in the French nobility spelling, after the nobility examination of 1668, the addition "de Villebois" resulted. This resulted from the grandfather of Jean Guillemot (* 1640), who actually had the surname "Sieur de Boismorat" and, after his marriage, changed it to "Guillemont de Villebois" ( Villebois ). From then on his descendants carried this name, the founder of the Baltic family branch was initially only known under the name "Villebois", only in later years was the original and complete name reverted to.

Trunk branches

The son of the pharmacist and surgeon Jean Guillemot, Sieur de Villebois (* 1640 in Vannes France) and the Marguerite Alno, François Guillemot de Villebois (1674-1760) joined the Russian tsar Peter the Great (1672-1725) when himself from 1697 to 1698 he was on his " Great Legation ". His two sons Daniel (1711–1797) and Alexander (1716–1781) founded the two Baltic family branches.

Progenitor

Françoise Guillemot de Villebois (in Russia Franz Wilboy, or after his transition to the Greek Orthodox Church, Nikita Petrovich Wilboy called) entered the service of Tsar Peter the Great as a naval officer in England in 1697 . He took part in the naval operations of the Russian fleet in the Baltic Sea against the Swedes from 1716 to 1721 and was promoted to captain at the Peace of Nystad on October 22, 1722 . As rear admiral , he was Commander in Chief of Kronstadt . In 1747 he and his descendants became indigenous people in Livonia.

Older line (Öselscher tribal branch)

1. Françoise Guillemot de Villebois (* 1674 in Guérande , France , † 1760 in Livonia), Lord of Aya , Kurrista and Sarrakus ⚭ 1st marriage to Juschkow, 2nd marriage to Elisabeth Glück († 1757 in Aya),

1.1 (1st marriage) Daniel (1711–1797), Lord of Aya (Livonia) and Jerwajöggi (Estonia), Russian major general ⚭ Elisabeth Dorothea Müller († 1778)

1.1.1 Johann Alexander (1742–1812) ⚭ Christina Friederika von Glasenapp (1754–1809)

1.1.1.1 Alexander Daniel (* 1770 in Rogosinisky , † 1850 in Tartu ), captain and order judges ⚭ Luise Wilhelmine von Uexküll-Güldenband (1780-1853)

1.1.1.1.1 Alexander Peter (* 1808 in Kurrista, † 1881 in Riga ), Russian major general and police master in Riga ⚭ Aurora Antonie Peucker (1817–1906)

1.1.1.1.1.1 Arthur Ferdinand Alexander (* 1842 in Dorpat, † 1929 in Bergfeld near Berlin ), 1878 admission to the ösel nobility register Charlotte Elisabeth von Bruemmer (1847–1923)

1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Edwin (1875-1919 in Riga)

1.1.1.1.1.1.2 Edgar (1878–1907 in Riga), Lieutenant Colonel , Rittmeister of the Baltic Landwehr ⚭ Caroline Elisabeth von Seefeld (1879–1900)

1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1 René Arthur Wilhelm (* 1915 in Dorpat)

Younger Line (Livonian Tribal Branch)

1. Françoise Guillemot de Villebois (* 1674 in Guerrande, France, † 1760 in Livonia), Lord of Aya, Kurrista and Sarrakus ⚭ 1st marriage to Juschkow, 2nd marriage to Elisabeth Glück († 1757 in Aya),

1.1 (2nd marriage) Alexander Guillemot de Villebois (* 1716 in Dorpat, † 1781 in Riga), General Feldzeugmeister and Deputy ⚭ Anna Helene von Budberg (1738–1799)

1.1.1 Stephan Guillemot de Villebois (1757–1835), Herr auf Kurrista, Sarrakus and Techelfer , District Court Assessor ⚭ 1st marriage to Elisabeth von Krüdener (1768–1787), 2nd marriage to Eleonore von Budberg (1769 - 1836)

1.1.1.1 (2nd marriage) Alexander Woldemar (1791–1834), magistrate ⚭ Sophia Countess von Stackelberg (1796–1875)

1.1.1.2 (2nd marriage) Franz Gottlieb (1795–1836) ⚭ Elisabeth von Krüdener (1810–1895)

1.1.1.2.1 Franz Karl Theodor Guillemot de Villebois (1836–1890), sculptor ⚭ Elise von Vietinghoff (1839–1929)

1.1.2.1.1 Stephan Moritz Arthur (* 1864 in Arrol, † 1928 in Berlin ) ⚭ Rosalie Prisk (* 1872)

1.1.2.1.1.1 Harald Ferdinand Friedrich (* 1899 in Stengelhof near Heidelberg ), musician

Possessions

On the Estonian island of Ösel , the guillemots had no possessions , in Livonia and Estonia they owned several manors and knightly estates, which they had come into possession partly through donations and partly through inheritance.

Gut Aya (Estonia)

Ahja mansion

The manor Aya , which had existed since 1553 and was owned by the Russian Empress Elisabeth, was given away by her to Françoise Guillemot de Villebois in 1743. In 1749 he had another small manor house built on the lake . In 1766 it was taken over by Hans Heinrich von Lipphard and after his bankruptcy , Woldemar Anton von Löwis of Menar took over . The last owner until the expropriation in 1920 was Ernst von Brasch .

Manor Kurrista

The manor Kurrista with an associated village is located near Dorpat , from 1627 it belonged to the village of Aya and was separated from it in 1749. From 1749 to 1902 the estate was owned by the Villebois family and in 1909 passed to Martha Paul, née Reinelt, who was later expropriated. It has belonged to the Wendau community since 1939.

Gut Techelfer (Estonia)

The Techelfer estate (today: Tähtvere ) belonged to the Bishop of Dorpat in earlier times , and in 1785 it was transferred to the widow of Françoise Guillemot de Villebois. However, this transfer did not appear to have any legal validity, as a result of which the property passed on December 20, 1798 as property of the Higher Regional Court Assessor Claus Gustav von Baranow, to whom the Collegiate Assessor von Krüdener had given it. The magistrate Alexander Woldemar Guillemot de Villebois, the son Françoises sold Techelfer on August 15, 1819 to the captain Adolph von Wulff.

Manor Sarracuse

The manor Sarragus am Embach is located near Dorpat, in 1540 a chapel was built at this point around which a village with the Polish name Sarakuc had been founded by 1582 . In 1627 it was named Sarakatz and after the Northern War became a court of Ahja, from which it was separated in 1749. Today Sarakuste consists of the Sarrakus farm and the village of Rebnitze. From 1919 Heinrich von Nolcken was also the owner .

State politics

In March 1767, Empress Catherine II convened the Imperial Code Commission (1767 - 1768) and ordered that the Baltic knights should send representatives to prepare the commission and to the main negotiations. One of them was Alexander Guillemot de Villebois, he had a special relationship of trust with the Tsarina, had supported her accession to the throne and was already active as envoy between 1762 and 1763. After retiring in 1765, he lived in Livonia and was responsible for the maintenance of the fortifications . He had also accompanied the ruler in Pernau on her trip to Livonia in 1764 . As a deputy on the Law Book Commission in Saint Petersburg , he vigorously advocated the special status of the Governorate of Livland.

Family capital at the University of Dorpat

The University in its Golden Age (1860)

From 1754 the MPs Pernaus and Dorpats explored the reopening of the University of Dorpat, today's University of Tartu . Their advocate was the members of the Baltic knighthoods with the influential artillery general Alexander de Villebois. Under Tsar Alexander I , the university in Dorpat was reopened in 1801. To secure the financing, 54 scholarship and study foundations were funded at the Imperial University of Dorpat (1802-1918) . The descendants of Alexander von Villebois also intended to participate in this family capital in order to educate their descendants at "their university" in a manner appropriate to their status. In the spring of 1835, for this purpose, the university administration presented the “Statute of the scholarship capital of the Villebois family” and Stephan de Villebois's application, in which it read: “... in favor of the youth of this (de Villebois) noble family, so that the young people can get serious about their everyday lives to be able to deal with science… “Family capital initially preferred university students from the Villebois, von Essen and von zur Mühlen families, and later the group of recipients expanded to include other scholarship holders.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See also: fr: Armorial des familles de Bretagne , Guillemot family, Sr de la Villebiot
  2. ↑ Genealogical Handbook of the Baltic Knighthood, Görlitz, 1929, page 801 [1]
  3. ↑ Kurrista (2) Rittergut, Baltic historical local dictionary: Estonia (including Northern Livland), part 1 of Baltic historical local dictionary, Hans Feldmann, Volume 1 of Baltic historical local dictionary: Southern Livland and Courland. Latvia, Heinz von Zur Mühlen, editors Hans Feldmann, Heinz von Zur Mühlen, Gertrud Westermann, Verlag Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 1985, ISBN 3412071838 , page 277 [2]
  4. ↑ ibid., Page 535
  5. ↑ The Ritterhof Arrol was built between 1475 and 1486, from 1664 to 1786 it belonged to the von Brackel family, in 1909 to Richard von Samson-Himmelstjerna and in 1919 to the von Lenziger family. In: Baltic historical local dictionary, 1985, page 30 [3]
  6. ↑ Kurrista (2) Rittergut, Baltic historical local dictionary, 1985, page 277 [4]
  7. ^ Heinrich von Hagemeister, materials for a history of the Livonia estates, Volume 2, Verlag Frantzen, 1837, original from the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, digitized July 28, 2011, page 18/19 [5]
  8. ↑ Baltic historical local dictionary, 1985, page 535 [6]
  9. ↑ Erich Donnert , Agrarian Question and Enlightenment in Latvia and Estonia: Livonia, Estonia and Courland in the 18th and early 19th centuries, Verlag Peter Lang, 2008, ISBN 363157021X , pages 90-93 [7]
  10. ↑ Universities in Eastern Central Europe: Between Church, State and Nation - Social History and Political Developments, Volume 3 of Peoples, States and Cultures in East Central Europe, edited by Peter Wörster, Dorothee M. Goeze, Verlag Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2008, ISBN 3486845462 , [8] page 51
  11. ^ The Foundation of Stephan Guillemot de Villebois: Scholarship Legate donated by Assessor Stephan Guillemot, footnote 63: Estonian Historical Archive (EHA): 402-5-23, p. 10, page 63 [9]