Lieven (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Lieven

The barons , barons , counts and princes Lieven , in Sweden also Liewen , are among the oldest, most famous and most influential families of the Baltic nobility . Branches of the sex persist to this day.

history

The family traces its origins back to Kaupo von Turaida , the Livish quasi rex , who converted to Christianity in 1186 during the Christianization of the Baltic States by Bishop Meinhard von Segeberg . He accompanied Albert von Buxhoeveden , the bishop of Riga , 1203-1204 to Rome , where he and Pope Innocent III. was made known. Kaupo's grandson Nicholas was the first to call himself Lieven . With Gerardus Livo , liege taker of the Bishop of Riga , who was mentioned in a document on April 25, 1269, after Elgenstierna the continuous line of trunks is to begin, the nobility lexicon , on the other hand , states that the secured trunk row only begins with Johann Live (⚔ 1501).

Tribe Bersen

The Bersen tribe is derived from the Bersen family estate of the same name in Courland (today: Līvbērze in Latvia). Relatives have risen to the highest esteem and honor, especially in Russia .

Heinrich Live , heir to Bersen and Abgulden , was enrolled in the 1st class of the Courland Knighthood in 1631 . Baron Georg Philipp von Lieven (* 1771; † 1847), heir to Bersen, was raised to the rank of imperial count in 1801 . The ennoblement was associated with an improvement in the coat of arms and the salutation high and well-born . He left no male offspring. He had Carl Friedrich Zelter set his mother 's own piece to music.

In the years 1853, 1862 and 1863, the Russian recognition of the right to use the baron title by Senatsukas for the entire Dünhof line took place. In 1862 the line registered with the Livonian Knighthood (No. 351). Baron Wilhelm Heinrich von Lieven (* 1800, † 1880), Russian infantry general and governor general of Liv , Kuronia and Estonia , received the Oeselsche Indigenat (No. 376) on September 27, 1865 with his descent . Nevertheless, the family was not possessive of Ösel.

Princess Charlotte von Lieven (* 1742; † 1828)
Coat of arms of Prince Lieven (1826) with motto " For God and the Emperor. "

From the line Gruschen learned the widow of the Russian Major General Baron Otto Heinrich Andreas von Lieven (* 1726, † 1781), Charlotte Margarete von Lieven , nee Baroness Gaugreben (* 1742, † 1828), in recognition of their services as a state lady and mistress of itself and their descendants in 1799 the elevation to the Russian count status, combined with an improvement in the coat of arms and the salutation illustrious . Since 1783, Tsar Paul I entrusted her with the education of his daughters and younger sons Nicholas and Michael . When her student Nikolaus became Tsar in 1826 , the 84-year-old was elevated to the rank of Russian prince. This appointment was linked to an improvement in the coat of arms and the salutation " Your Highness ". This title became hereditary in 1827 and passed on to their descendants, of which the following deserve special mention:

  • Mesothen Castle , Latvia, built in 1802 for Countess Charlotte Lieven (expropriated in 1921)

  • Krimulda Castle , Latvia, built in 1820 for Prince Paul von Lieven (expropriated in 1920)

Tribe of Parmel

Members of this tribe, named after the Parmel family in Estonia , were able to excel in state and military service , especially in Sweden .

Reinhold Liwe (* 1621; † 1665), Swedish colonel, governor of Oesel , commander of Arensburg Castle and heir to Eksjö in Sweden and Kurrisal and Weißenfeld in Estonia, was born in Stockholm in 1653, as did his brother, the Swedish cavalry master and heir on Parmel and Raggafer in Estonia, Berend Otto Liwe (* 1625; † 1700), and his uncle, the Swedish captain and heir of Stenhusen and Pargenthal, Jürgen Liwe (* 1580; † 1659), raised to the Swedish baron status and in the baron class of introduced to Swedish knighthood (No. 45).

The Swedish lieutenant general and imperial council , Baron Hans Heinrich Liwe (* 1664; † 1733), was raised to the Swedish count status in 1719 and introduced to the count class of the Swedish knighthood in 1720 (No. 67).

coat of arms

The family coat of arms is proven in a seal imprint from 1341, the blazon since 1550. The Lieven's coat of arms is identical to that of the Ungern-Sternberg .

Blazon: In red 3 (2, 1) golden lilies, accompanied by 7 (3, 1, 2, 1) golden stars. On the helmet with red and gold covers, a golden lily between an open flight , golden on the right and red on the left .

Relatives

literature

Web links

Commons : Lieven  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gustaf Elgenstierna : Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor Stockholm 1928, volume 4
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Adelslexikon Volume VII, (1989), pp. 364-366.
  3. ↑ To the memory of the best mother
  4. ↑ linguistically slightly adapted, more literally: To God and the Emperor.
  5. ↑ a b Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Volume Fü V, CA Starke-Verlag, 1959, p. 467.
  6. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Volume Fü V, CA Starke-Verlag, 1959, p. 474.
  7. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Volume Fü V, CA Starke-Verlag, 1959, p. 471.