Anatol Pavlovich Lieven
Anatol Pawlowitsch Lieven ( Russian Анатолий Павлович Ливен Anatoli Pawlowitsch Liwen ; German Anatol Leonid von Lieven ; born July 16, 1872 in Saint Petersburg , Russian Empire ; † April 3, 1937 in Ķemeri , Latvia) was a Baltic German officer in Russia. In 1919 he commanded a White Guard unit in the Baltic States.
Life
The von Lieven were among the oldest noble families in the Baltic States. His parents were the Livonian country marshal Prince Paul von Lieven (1821–1881) and Natalie Countess von der Pahlen (1842–1920). Anatol Lieven studied law at the St. Petersburg University after attending high school . At the same time he passed the exams at the Nikolai Cavalry School ( Николаевское кавалерийское училище ). From 1896 to 1908 he was an officer in the Guards Cavalry Regiment, after which he managed his Mesothen estate in the Courland Governorate . He took part in the First World War in his regiment and was promoted to Rittmeister in 1917. After the Russian October Revolution in 1918 he joined the German-backed monarchist Russian Western Army near Pleskau .
After the occupation of Latvia by the Bolsheviks in 1919, he formed the Lieven division from officers who were loyal to the Tsar and submitted to the Baltic State Armed Forces to fight the Bolsheviks.
After a military coup on April 16, 1919, he and Jānis Balodis were to be given the leadership of Latvia, but both of them refused. Shortly after the capture of Riga on May 24th, Lieven was seriously wounded in a battle of pursuit. After that he could only walk with crutches all his life.
From June 6, additional Russian units of the Upper Bermondt and Wirgolitsch were subordinated to him. Lieven forbade his troops to take part in the fighting against the Estonian army and the Latvian North Corps. After the armistice in Strasdenhof , his units, now 4,000 strong, were renamed the West Russian Liberation Army and recognized by Yudenich as part of the white army . In contrast to Bermondt and Wirgolitsch, Lieven obeyed an order from Judenitsch and had Lieven's detachment transported to Estonia to the Northern Army on July 9th . He himself went to Germany to have his wound treated.
After the end of the Latvian War of Independence, he became a Latvian citizen and ran a brick factory on his remnants in Mežotne . He was a leading member of the organizations of Russian monarchist émigrés in the 1920s.
family
His first wife was named Seraphine Princess Saltikowa. After her death he married Elise Marie Baronesse Fircks .
literature
- Kurt von Braatz: Prince Anatol Pawlowitsch Lieven In the fight against Baltic separatism, Russian Bolshevism and the Awaloff-Bermondt affair , Stuttgart 1926
- Claus Grimm: At the gates of Europe 1918–1920. History of the Baltic State Army. Velmede, Hamburg 1963.
- Michael Hagemeister : The "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" in court. The Bern Trial 1933–1937 and the “Anti-Semitic International” . Zurich: Chronos, 2017, ISBN 978-3-0340-1385-7 , short biography p. 544f.
- Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Anatol Pawlowitsch Lieven. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
Individual evidence
- ^ Braatz: Prince Anatol Pawlowitsch Lieven , Stuttgart 1925
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Lieven, Anatol Pavlovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Lieven, Anatol Leonid von (German); Ливен, Анатолий Павлович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian officer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 16, 1872 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | St. Petersburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 3, 1937 |
| Place of death | Ķemeri , Latvia |