Mills (noble family)
Von zur Mühlen is the name of a Baltic noble family . The von zur Mühlen belong to the knights of Livonia , Courland , Estonia and Oesel in each branch .
They are not to be confused with the families of von der Mühlen , von Mühlen or the Westphalian noble family von und zur Mühlen (on Haus Ruhr and Schloss Merlsheim ) as well as the Bavarian, originally French Count Du Moulin-Eckart , also known as von der Mühle-Eckart , each of a different origin.
history
The family history and lineage begins with the appearance of the progenitor Hermann thor Moelen (approx. 1505–1559) in Reval in 1532/33. Research into its origin has so far been unsuccessful. Its name refers to the Lower Saxony area west of the Weser and the Dutch provinces of Overijssel and Gelderland as the most likely home region. A half-brother Hendrik mentioned in his letters , who was a citizen of the Dutch city of Elburg and lived in neighboring Kampen on the Zuiderzee , also supports this assumption . Newer references to the occurrence of the name and the house brand in Riga indicate the possibility that parts of the family were resident in the Baltic region before Hermann thor Moelen .
Hermann thor Moelen settled as a merchant in Narwa and operated long-distance trade from there, where his business relationships extended to Amsterdam and Antwerp in the west and to Moscow in the east . He became a citizen of Narva and became a councilor in 1539 and mayor of Narva in 1551. After the outbreak of the Livonian War in 1558, which began with the bombardment of Narwas, Hermann thor Moelen fled to Lübeck via Reval . He died in Amsterdam in 1559 on a business trip to Holland , on which he presumably wanted to collect outstanding debts. His tombstone in the old church is still preserved.
Two of his sons returned to Estonia , which had since become Swedish , and founded the council family, which lived in Reval until around 1800. They operated long-distance trade, acquired property and soon held important offices. The family was represented in the Reval council for five generations and provided three mayors and several councilors. In the course of the 17th century, the Low German name was replaced by the High German zur Mühlen .
In the first half of the 18th century, the family split into three lines. Thomas zur Mühlen , the eldest son of Reval Mayor Hinrich zur Mühlen , went to Amsterdam for training purposes, settled there permanently and founded the Dutch branch of the family. The youngest son, Cornelius zur Mühlen jun. , founded the Piersal house, later named after the family estate . The middle son, the Mayor of Reval Hermann Johann zur Mühlen , had six sons, five of whom in turn fathered offspring and established the other five lines of the family. She and the younger line of Cornelius experienced the social changes in the family that resulted from the ennoblement on February 15, 1792 in Vienna by Emperor Leopold II and the change to the landed gentry.
A family association has existed since 1865.
Family coat of arms
In gold, a red (natural colored) deer head with neck; the stag's head growing on the helmet with its red and gold covers . On the gravestone of the progenitor Hermann thor Molen in the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam, a frontal deer head without a neck is depicted. The current form of the coat of arms, determined by the ennoblement, can be traced back to the early 17th century. Other variants of the coat of arms have not caught on.
family members
- Bengt von zur Mühlen (1932–2016), German film producer, author of contemporary history and founder of Chronos Film
- Bernt Ture von zur Mühlen (* 1939), German book scholar
- Ferdinand von zur Mühlen (1788–1837), Russian officer, holder of the pour le merite
- Harriet von zur Mühlen (1871–1919), Protestant martyr
- Heinz von zur Mühlen (1914–2005), German-Baltic historian
- Heinrich von zur Mühlen (Ministerialbeamter) (1908–1994), German Ministerialbeamter
- Hermann zur Mühlen (1719–1789), Mayor of Reval
- Hermynia zur Mühlen (1883–1951), Austrian writer and translator
- Hinrich zur Mühlen (1686–1750), Mayor of Reval
- Irmgard von zur Mühlen (* 1936), German documentary filmmaker and director
- Leo von zur Mühlen (1888–1953), o. Prof. of geology at the TH Berlin-Charlottenburg, director of the geolog. Institute
- Rainer von zur Mühlen (* 1943), German security advisor and planner, entrepreneur and publisher
- Raimund von Zur Mühlen (1854–1931), German tenor and singing teacher
- Rudolf Julius von zur Mühlen (1845–1913), Baltic German painter of the Düsseldorf School
- Patrik von zur Mühlen (* 1942), German historian
- Thomas zur Mühlen (1649–1709), Mayor of Reval
- Wilhelm von zur Mühlen (1792–1847), Russian major general and holder of the order Pour le Mérite
literature
- Genealogical manual of the nobility . Noble houses B, Volume XV, Limburg an der Lahn 1984, pp. 346–378.
- Franz Menges: to the mills, from. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , pp. 275-278 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Family von zur Muehlen
- Anniversary newspaper (PDF; 2.2 MB)
Individual evidence
- ^ Institute for German Aristocracy Research: Aristocratic Signs and Nobility
- ↑ nobility.eu: Count Du Moulin-Eckart (from Mühle-Eckart)
- ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Noble houses B, Volume XV, CA Starke, Limburg an der Lahn 1984, p. 279.
- ↑ Harald Schultze and Andreas Kurschat (editors): "Your end looks at ..." - Evangelical Martyrs of the 20th Century , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 978-3-374-02370-7 , Part II, Section Russian Empire / Baltic States , Page 544
- ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility, Volume AB VI, CA Starke, Limburg an der Lahn 1984, p. 238.
- ^ Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility, Volume AB VI, CA Starke, Limburg an der Lahn 1984, p. 247.
- ↑ Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility, Volume AB VI, CA Starke, Limburg an der Lahn 1984, p. 237.