Knorring (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Baltic von Knorring

Knorring , formerly Knorr (e) , is the name of an old Eichsfeld , later German-Baltic noble family , which was able to spread to Sweden , Finland and Russia and whose individual lines continue to the present day.

There is no tribal relationship to the Swabian , also primeval Knör (r) ingen . Nevertheless, their coat of arms was included in the Swedish baron diploma in 1720 . Are also not derived from the related Ore derived, 1728 ennobled Knorr , 1896 ennobled Prussian Knorr (the strain Admiral Eduard Knorr ) and the Hessian Knorr of Rosenroth . Also to the Magdeburg family Knorre , which was to be found in Livonia since the end of the 18th century and in individual branches in Russia since the 19th century, mostly in academic professions, belonged to the nobility from 1863 at the latest and is also currently in Germany persists, there is no tribal relationship with the Baltic Knorring .

history

Origin, expansion and personalities in the empire

The Knorring are a noble family from the Eichsfeld . The lineage of the family begins with the archbishopric Mainz ministerial Honterus (alias Nantherus ) in Rusteberg , documented in 1123 and 1125. It belonged to the castle team of Rusteberg and has been nicknamed Rusteberg and Uder ( Othera ) after its respective domiciles since about 1150 . Honterus' son, the knight Hartwig von Rusteberg (or von Uder), documented 1135 to 1170 and was also a Mainz Ministeriale in Rusteberg, as was his presumed son, the knight Dietrich von Uder (1189, 1209), who was wealthy in Lutter . Knight Konrad, called von Uder, documented it in 1264 and was wealthy in Beberstedt . His son Dietrich von Uder, known as Knorr , first appeared with the later surname, documented from 1264 to 1319, and was wealthy in Beberstedt and Bezelsrode near Anrode . In 1270 Dietrich and his brother Erwin are mentioned as Theodericus et Erwicus frates de Odera dicti Knorren . Dietrich ( Thilo ) Knorr, documented from 1338 to 1368, was a Mainz castle man on the Scharfenstein near Dingelstädt . Son Heinrich ( Heyse ) Knorr (e), documented from 1347 to 1378, dead in 1384, was Burgmann there in 1361, Vogt zu Salza in 1371 , pledge lord of the two castle seats in Rüdigershagen in 1376 , after all he was wealthy in Breitenbich in 1378 . Son Heinrich Knorr (e) documented 1384 to 1412 and his presumed son Heinrich Knorr (e) was enfeoffed with the Kurland fur in 1441 .

Her other property titles included two fiefs on the Electorate of Mainz Castle Scharfenstein, which she owned in 1458 and still in 1804 (now as a Prussian fief), as well as a Vorwerk in Esplingerode, which she owned in 1457 by the Lords of Plesse and in 1799 by the Landgraves of Hesse Received fiefs.

The Knorrsche House in Uder

The noble family von Uder or Othera was the branch of the family based in Uder, another branch named itself after the castle seat of Rusteberg . In 1428 a Kurt von Uder was named mayor of Heiligenstadt . For the von Knorr family, the Knorrsche House from the 16th century can still be found in Uder , and in 1458 and 1468 there are evidence of enfeoffments for this outbuilding behind the church.

In their home country, the family died out in 1847 with the Prussian lieutenant colonel Christian Sittig Freiherr von Knorr on Sollstedt (municipality of Menteroda) and Breitenbich. Two of his sons-in-law from eichsfeld's nobility adopted the name and established the lines of the barons of Hanstein-Knorr and the barons of Wintzingerode-Knorr . The Prussian chamberlain, Wilhelm Freiherr von Wintzingerode zu Adelsborn - Wehnde , united names and coats of arms in 1837 with Prussian approval. August von Hanstein (1803-1878), Kurhessischer Chamberlain, State Councilor and upper control director, received the electoral consensus on the name and crest Association.

The half-brothers or brothers Friedrich, Friedrich Wilhelm Siegismund and Ernst August Leopold Anders received the Prussian nobility in 1798 as Anders named von Knorr . The latter two were step-sons of Major Wilhelm Ewald von Knorr, who died in 1812. Richard Anders called von Knorr, previously at Groß und Klein Gutowy in Posen , received the Prussian approval in 1890 to use the sole name of Knorr .

Spread and personalities in the Baltic States, Scandinavia and Russia

The progenitor of the Baltic tribes is Heinrich Knorre, who was enfeoffed with six hooks of land for furs in Courland on January 22nd, 1441 . His grandson Georg Knorr ( Jürgen Knurre ) was mentioned in documents in 1497 and was enfeoffed near Goldingen in 1516 . The family branched out under his grandchildren, the sons of their son Heinrich Knorr, who were documented in 1530, and in 1560 as master of Jahteln and Willgahlen. Since 1566 his descendants had used the name Knorring, which is still in use today . On October 17, 1620, the Knorren were accepted into the Courland Knight Bank in 1st class. The Courland tribe died around 1740.

The Danish governor of Oesel , Heinrich von Lüdinghausen, enfeoffed Johann von Knorring with Peddast on poppy seeds on July 18, 1566 . His line on Oesel expired in 1788. His grandson, Heinrich von Knorring († 1679), governor of Hapsal , was able to take possession of the Kaltenborn estates near Weißenstein and Jöggis in Estonia , thereby becoming the founder of the Estonian and Livonian lines and houses of the family.

On February 11, 1746, the family was included in the Estonian aristocratic registers. Enrollment with the Livonian Knighthood (No. 54) took place on June 7, 1867 for the Imperial Russian Major General and Real State Councilor Johann von Knorring (1803-1880).

The brothers Michael von Knorring (1846–1910), Lord of the Waddemois and Imperial Russian Chamberlain, Wladimir von Knorring (1861–1938), Imperial Russian Colonel and Andrej received an ukase from the Russian Senate from the houses of Kedik and Weißenfeld on October 11, 1907 von Knorring (1862–1918), Imperial Russian Colonel, the brothers Pontus von Knorring (1854–1917), Herr auf Kamby and Egolf von Knorring (1856–1930), Herr auf Onorm , Hark , Hermannshof, old and new Annenhof, Imperial Russian Real State Councilor and Court Stable Master, also Ludwig von Knorring (1859–1930), Herr auf Kurnal, Rosenhagen , Kedik and Udenküll Imperial Russian Court Stable Master , later Real State Councilor and Minister Resident in Darmstadt , Coburg and Gotha , the brothers Gustav von Knorring ( 1866–1952), Herr auf Addila and Udenküll and Nikolai von Knorring (1870–1917), Imperial Russian captain, and finally Alexej von Knorring (1848–1922), Imperial Russian Gehe Imrat and Hofmeister, or on April 25, 1913 the brothers Bogdan von Knorring (1880–1935), Imperial Russian sea captain, Constantin von Knorring (1881–1948), later the Imperial Russian frigate captain, and Benjamin von Knorring (1884–1918) , Official of the imperial Russian civil administration in the Caucasus , as well as Woldemar von Knorring (1891–1962), Herr auf Lugden, Ilmazahl and Kachkowa the right to use the baron title .

Individual branches currently exist in Chile , Germany and Sweden.

A Finnish line is also derived from the trunk donated by the above Johann von Knorring († after 1566). The brothers Franz Heinrich ( Frans Henrik ) von Knorring (1712–1784), lord of Kumogärd, Satakunta in Finland, royal Swedish captain, later major and Carl Reinhold von Knorring (1717–1793), royal Swedish captain, also later major received in 1756 the Swedish nobility naturalization and introduction to the nobility class of the Swedish knighthood (No. 1976). Enrollment in the nobility class of the Finnish knighthood (No. 138) took place on October 13, 1818 for the above-mentioned Frans Henrik von Knorring sons, Henrik Gustav von Knorring (1753-1833), lord of Kumogärd, royal Swedish colonel a. D. , Johan Otto von Knorring (1754–1837), Lord of Naapala in the parish of Halikko , royal Swedish captain a. D. and Georg Reinhold von Knorring (1760–1841), royal Swedish major a. D., Bernt Ulrik von Knorring (1768–1832), retired royal Swedish colonel. D., as well as for the above Carl Reinhold von Knorring son Carl Gustav von Knorring (1755-1827), lord of Kukkola in the parish of Lempäälä , royal Swedish major a. D. and four grandchildren, sons of Evert Reinhold von Knoiring (1767–1813), retired royal Swedish lieutenant. D., of which only Carl Evert von Knorring (1796–1861), employed by the economic department of the Finnish Senate and in the war commissioner, continued the line that is still flourishing in Russia. In Sweden this line expired in 1876, in Finland in 1882.

The Oesel line from the Peddast house itself, enrolled in the Oesel knighthood in 1741 and with the Livonian knighthood on March 8, 1745. This line became extinct after 1791.

Franz Knorring († 1691), lord of Kaltenborn and Jöggis, royal Swedish colonel, was the founder of the Swedish-Finnish line. On September 12, 1672 half-brothers Stefan Fredrik Knorring (1647-1706), Mr. Tervalampi on when received Vichtis in Finland, Royal Swedish lieutenant and Göran Johan Knorring (1657-1726), royal Swedish colonel, lieutenant governor in Kurland and commander of Mitau the Swedish nobility naturalization and were introduced in the same year to the nobility class of the Swedish knighthood (No. 809). The latter was ennobled as Göran Johan von Knorring on January 29, 1720 to the Swedish baron class and introduced to the baron class of the Swedish knighthood (No. 177). The Swedish line of his descent expired in 1930 and 1942 respectively. However, Johan Fredrik Ludvig von Knorring (1766-1826), lord of Maarjärvi in ​​the parish of Vemo in Finland, registered as royal Swedish captain on September 17, 1818 in the baron class of the Finnish knighthood (No. 9). The line he donated still existed at the beginning of the 20th century. Also on January 28, 1818, Johan Gustaf Fredrik Knorring (1793–1873), an Imperial Russian Fourier , enrolled in the 1st Finnish Jäger Regiment from the great-grandson of the aforementioned Stefan Fredrik Knorring in the nobility class of the Finnish knighthood (No. 66). He died childless.

coat of arms

  • The family coat of arms shows a two- handled blue cup in gold in the Eichsfeld (also interpreted as a ram , mill iron or mortar ). On the helmet with blue-gold covers, the shield image between an open golden flight (variant in the Hessian Wappenbuch around 1625 without the flight, the figure in the shield placed at an angle to the left). The combined coat of arms Hanstein-Knorr shows a blue "mortar" in the split shield at the back in gold, on the second helmet with blue-gold covers the shield image, covered with a natural-colored peacock mirror. The combined coat of arms of Wintzingerode-Knorr shows the same thing, only without the peacock mirror.
  • In the Baltic States, the gem of the family coat of arms is a natural peacock mirror.
  • Led by the Baltic lines since around the end of the 16th century: In a field split by gold and blue , a natural dark brown tree stump in the form of a ram with two hewn down, arched branches. A natural peacock mirror on the helmet with blue and gold covers.

  • Coat of arms of the Eichsfeldischen Knorr

  • Coat of arms of the Baltic Knorring lines

  • Variaton of the Knorring coat of arms in the Baltic States

  • Knorring coat of arms variation

  • Coat of arms of the Hessian Knorr

The baron's coat of arms from 1720 is square in gold and black and covered with a heart shield split in gold and green , inside a blue ram (family coat of arms); 1 a red-armed blue griffin ; 2 three golden rafters , 3 a silver ring ( v. Knöringen ), 4 a blue-armored red lion ; 2 helmets. on the right a peacock bump with black and silver covers (helmet of the family coat of arms), on the left a crowned buffalo horns with blue and gold covers between gold and black over a corner divided with five (black, silver, black, silver, black) ostrich feathers silver ring (similar to v. Knöringen); Shield holder : two opposing, silver-collared, red-toothed natural greyhounds .

Known family members

  • Andrei von Knorring (1862–1918), Russian major general
  • Carl Heinrich von Knorring ( Russian Карл Фёдорович Кнорринг , 1746–1820), Russian lieutenant general and governor of Georgia (1801–1803)
  • Heinrich von Knorring († 1679), Swedish major and governor in Hapsal, since 1626 squire of Kaltenborn, Jöggis and Koppelmann
  • Franz von Knorring († 1691), Swedish lieutenant colonel and commander of Nyen, Ingermanland. Land marshal and lord of the manor on Kaltenborn
  • Franz Peter von Knorring (1792–1875), Protestant clergyman, educator and social reformer on the Åland Islands
  • Helge von Knorring (1897–1985), Finnish ambassador
  • Göran Johan von Knorring (1657–1726), Swedish colonel, vice-governor of Courland and commander of Mitau
  • Gotthard Johann von Knorring ( Russian Богдан Фёдорович Кнорринг , 1744–1825), Baltic German officer and Russian infantry general, commander in chief in Finland, Livonian district administrator and chief of the Livonian land militia
  • Gustav Reinhold von Knorring (1738–1804), Russian general of the artillery
  • Helge von Knorring (1897–1985), Finnish diplomat, ambassador to China, South Africa, the Netherlands and Switzerland
  • Johann von Knorring (1803–1880), Russian major general and real councilor of state
  • Johann Georg (Jürgen) Knorr (ing) († 1649), Swedish colonel and commander of Stettin, landlord on Tervalampi near Vichtis (enfeoffed 1641)
  • Karl Knorring (1773–1841), one of the most famous translators of Russian literature of his time
  • Karl von Knorring ( Russian Карл Богданович Кнорринг , 1774–1817), German-Baltic officer and Russian major general
  • Karl Heinrich von Knorring (1745–1837), Russian lieutenant colonel, Estonian district administrator, landlord on Kedik and Paschlep
  • Karl Gotthard von Knorring (1823–1871) Russian Chamberlain and Privy Councilor, envoy to Portugal and the Netherlands, lord of the Kedik estate
  • Karl Pontus Waldemar von Knorring (1786–1864), Russian cavalry general and adjutant general, member of the Imperial Council, lord of the manor at Camby, Kedik, Rosenhagen, Kurnal, Onorm and Maydelshof
  • Konstantin Karl Heinrich von Knorring (1820–1903), Russian general staff rider and district deputy in Livonia, landlord at Groß-Carmby, Maydelshof, Onorm, Alt- and Neu-Annenhof
  • Konstantin von Knorring (1887–1939), Russian general rider and director of the golf hotel in Dellach
  • Olga von Knorring ( Russian Ольга Эвертовна Кнорринг , 1887–1978), Soviet botanist
  • Otto Wilhelm von Knorring ( Russian Отто Фёдорович Кнорринг , 1759–1812), German-Baltic officer and Russian major general
  • Robert (Roman) Alexander von Knorring (1802–1876), Russian general of the artillery
  • Sophie Tieck (pseudonym: Sophie von Knorring , 1775–1833), German writer
  • Sophie von Knorring (1797–1848), Swedish novelist
  • Wladimir Karlowitsch von Knorring ( Russian Владимир Карлович Кнорринг , 1784–1864), German-Baltic officer and Russian general of the cavalry
  • Wladimir Romanowitsch von Knorring ( Russian Владимир Романович Кнорринг , 1861–1938), German-Baltic officer and Russian general

  • General Gotthard Johann von Knorring (1744–1825)

  • General Otto Wilhelm von Knorring (1759–1812), painting by George Dawe

  • General Karl von Knorring (1774–1817), painting by George Dawe

  • Pastor Franz Peter von Knorring (1792–1875)

literature

  • Torsten G. Aminoff, Pontus Möller: Genealogiska Knorringproblem. In: Genealogiska Samfundets i Finland Arsskrift. 38, 1965, pp. 23-92.
  • Torsten G. Aminoff: Engren v. Knorring i Ryssland. In: Gentes Finlandiae. 1, 1966, pp. 63-65.
  • Torsten G. Aminoff: Johann Knorring till Peddast. In: . Gentes Finlandiae. 2, 1973, pp. 42-58.
  • Gabriel Anrep : Svenska adelns ättar-taflor. Volume 2, Stockholm 1861, pp. 467-478.
  • Tor Carpelan (ed.): Ättartavlor för de på Finlands Riddarhus inskrivna ätterna. Volume 2, Helsingfors 1958
  • Karl-August Deubner: name-coat-of-arms-seal story of the family v. Knorr. In: Our Eichsfeld. 25, 1930.
  • Karl-August Deubner: Property of the family v. Knorr on the Eichsfelde. In: Our Eichsfeld. 26, 1931, pp. 77-86.
  • The Eisfeld family v. Knorr. In: Deutsches Adelsblatt . 15, 1897, pp. 802-803.
  • Gustaf Elgenstierna : The introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor. Volume 4, Stockholm 1928
  • Nicolai von Essen (edit.): Genealogical manual of the Oeselschen knighthood. Dorpat 1935, pp. 513-516. ; Nachtr, p. 689.
  • Eduard von Fircks: The will of Heinrich Knor v. 1586. In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics . 1896, Mitau 1898, pp. 1-3.
  • Genealogical handbook of baronial houses . A 3, volume 21 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag , Limburg (Lahn) 1959, pp. 233-258.
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility, Adelslexikon . Volume VI, Volume 91 of the complete series, pp. 330-333, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1987, ISSN  0435-2408 .
  • Genealogical manual of the Baltic knighthoods. Part 2, 3: Estonia. Görlitz 1930, pp. 79-94 ; Nachtr, pp. 18-21.
  • Ole Gripenberg: Portraitt och data rörande ätten v. Knorring. In: Gentes Finlandiae. 1, 1966, pp. 61-66.
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 5, Leipzig 1864, pp. 167-168 , p. 169.
  • Gotthard von Knorring: Värt släktvapen. Helsingfors 1977.
  • Harald von Knorring: The seals of those von Rusteberg and their interpretation. In: Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch 24 (2016), pp. 35–74.
  • Harald von Knorring: Sigillen från 1200-talets Rusteberg. The seals of Rusteberg in the 13th century. Uppsala 2011, 158 pages, ISBN 978-91-633-9534-5 .
  • Helge von Knorring: Corporal Johan Fredrik Knorring i Mäntsälä. In: Gentes Finlandiae. 4 (1978), pp. 124-128.
  • Leopold von Ledebur : Nobility Lexicon of the Prussian Monarchy . Volume 1, Berlin 1855, pp. 450-451.
  • Pontus Möller: Ätterna Knorring. Helsingfors 2000, ISBN 952-5130-05-3 .
  • Personalia from the funeral sermon on Friedrich Knörring. (1647) In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics . 1905/06, Mitau 1908, pp. 303-304.
  • Jully Ramsay : Frälseslakter i Finlandintill Stora Ofreden. Helsingfors 1909-1976.
  • Alexander von Rhaden: On the coat of arms of the Knorring family. In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics . 1905/06, Mitau 1908, p. 320.
  • Levin von Wintzingerode-Knorr: The barons v. Knorr on Sollstedt. Wehnde 1890, In: Mühlhäuser Heimatblätter. 1938, No. 7–9 (supplement to the Mühlhäuser Anzeiger)
  • B. Siebert: Uder and his story. A contribution to the political and economic history of the Eichsfeld, especially of the Rusteberg office. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1938

Web links

Commons : Knorring  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Apparently a tribal community was suspected in the 18th century. This colportage finally led to the Swedish colonel a. D., Vice-Governor of Courland and Commander of Mitau Göran Johan Knorring (Georg Johann von Knorring; * 1657; † 1726) when he was raised to the status of Swedish baron with the predicate "von" on January 29, 1720 (not January 29 1730 , as can be read on a copper engraving , which refers to this baron patent with an image of the coat of arms) received the further title "Baron von Burgau". Consequently, August Wilhelm Hupel wrote in his Nordische Miscellaneen 1789, p. 168: “Knorring. Coming from the house of Willgahlen and Peddast, but originally came to Kurland from Swabia and the Margraviate of Burgau [...]. ”( Digitized version) As early as 1788, he published his materials on a Liefland aristocratic history. Pp. 419-427, a more comprehensive but erroneous genealogy, which links the progenitor of the Baltic Knorring directly to the Swabian family, but noted that the reasons for the change of coat of arms are unknown. (Digitized version)
  2. ↑ GHdA, Adelslexikon. Volume VI
  3. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on v. Knot. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
  4. ^ Vita of Karl Friedrich (von) Knorre (1801-1883)
  5. ^ Burchard Christian von Spilcker: Contributions to older German history: 3rd document book, page 41: Certificate from Archbishop Siegfried of Mainz to the Bursfelde monastery ("Tydericus de Vdra")
  6. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfelder Urkundenbuch together with the treatise of the Eichsfeld nobility. Göttingen 1819, page 3450
  7. ↑ Documents of the von Knorr family in the state archive of Saxony-Anhalt
  8. ↑ Finding aid for inventory E 82 - deeds of the von Knorr family, Landeshauptarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt , Department: MD, place of use: Wernigerode, 2011, p. 1 ( Landesarchiv )
  9. ↑ Adelsborn ( Memento of the original from June 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 238 kB), Worbis district @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zlb.de
  10. ^ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Prussian Adelslexicon . Volume 4, Leipzig 1837, p. 342 (digitized version)
  11. ^ "Hanstein-Knorr, Wilhelm Ludwig August Freiherr von". Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Coat of arms of his son, Baron Karl Friedrich Sittig Werner von Hanstein-Knorr (1840–1870) on the obelisk of the cemetery in Unterstein. Cf. Hans Dieter von Hanstein: Hanstein Castle: On the 700-year history of a border fortress in Eichsfeld. P. 111 and 151 (digitized version)
  12. ^ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch: New Prussian Adelslexicon. Volume 1, Leipzig 1836, p. 114 (digitized version)
  13. ↑ GHdA, Adelslexikon. Volume VI, 1987, p. 328.
  14. ↑ Liv-, Est- u. Curland. Document book. IX, 1889, p. 482, no.636.
  15. ^ Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics . Published by the Kurland Society for Literature and Art . 1895, No. 50. pp. 26-27.
  16. ^ Peter Anhalt: Mühleisen in the arms of Rusteberg and Knorr. In: Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift - The monthly magazine for all Eichsfelder. Pp. 237–241 in issue 7/8, July / August 2012 (PDF; 4.3 MB), based on Harald v. Knorring: Sigillen från 1200-tales Rusteberg. The seals of Rusteberg in the 13th century. Uppsala 2011.
  17. ^ A b Hans Dieter von Hanstein: Hanstein Castle: On the 700-year history of a border fortress in Eichsfeld. P. 111.
  18. ^ Website of the von Wintzingerode-Knorr family