Uder (noble family)

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Uder (also Othera ) was the name of an old Thuringian noble family in Eichsfeld , named after the place Uder near Heilbad Heiligenstadt .

history

Seal of Heiso Knorren in 1357
The Knorrsche House in Uder

The von Uder or Othera are a knightly family that has probably been resident in Uder since the High Middle Ages. Originally the family was called von Knorr or de Knorr and from the 12th century was also called de Othera after their place of residence . The spelling of the noble family changes just as often between Udera, Udra, Othera and others, as does the spelling of the place name. The ancestral seat of the family and the first settlement of the place was located directly behind today's church of Uder. Whether this settlement was protected by a rampart or a wall is not documented, but to the east a street still bears the name Eulenburg . Within this settlement, the Kessenborn provided a sufficient supply of water.

Some members of the aristocratic family were deployed to secure the nearby Rusteberg Castle early on . Some of these were then named after the castle seat. In 1150 a Honterus with the nickname of Rusteberg or Uder (Othera) on the Rusteberg is mentioned for the first time. Honterus' son, the knight Hartwig von Rusteberg (or von Uder), documented 1135 to 1170 and was also a Mainz ministerial, like his presumed son, the knight Dietrich von Uder or Othera (1189, 1209), who had wealth in Lutter was. A branch of the family then probably formed the noble family von Rusteberg , which died out in the 15th century.

In 1162 Archbishop Konrad von Mainz sent the knights and other citizens of Uder a letter regarding the patronage right of the church in Uder, which was given to the St. Martinstift in Heiligenstadt. Thidericus de Othera (or Dietrich von Uder), mentioned in 1189, is considered the progenitor, who is then mentioned several times as a witness or sells properties. The family must have acquired numerous possessions and feudal rights not only in Uder, but also in the wider area. Knight Konrad, called von Uder, documented it in 1264 and was wealthy in Beberstedt . Whose son Dietrich von Uder called himself later called knots and was Beberstedt and Bezelsrode in Anrode wealthy. Dietrich and his brother Erwin are called Theodoricus et Erwicus fratres de Ottera dicti Knorren in 1276 . Other family members, on the other hand, only call themselves de Othera , others only Knorr without an addition. In 1350 Heinrich Knorre from the Uder line received the castle rule and the office of Scharfenstein for his services and the family left Uder. Later the property in Uder was partially sold or leased to other noble families. The family then acquired further possessions and goods: in 1355 in Neuendorf , in 1376 two castle mansions in Rüdigershagen (Upper and Lower Wall), in 1348 a large estate in Breitenbich and in Sollstedt and in 1457 in Esplingerode .

A coat of arms or seal of the medieval von Othera family is not known, the coats of arms of those of Knorr and von Rusteberg show a two-handled cup. In Uder you can still find the Knorrsche House from the 16th century behind the church , a successor to the family's former ancestral home . The listed building was bought by the community in 2011 and an association has been looking after the preservation and renovation of the oldest house in Uder for several years.

Another branch of the aristocratic family Uder-Knorre-Rusteberg are those of Schadeberg , probably named after the Schade- / Schnabelsberg near Gerbershausen, where they were wealthy. A castle is not known there. They have been verifiable since the beginning of the 13th century, known by name are Hermann (1308, 1328 and 1315), Dietrich (1333) and Thilo (1335), they were castle men on the Rusteberg. A coat of arms from 1319 also shows a gift cup. In 1376 Otto von Rusteberg and Hermann von Soden moved the Schadeberg and the town of Steina to the Lords of Hanstein , who built two estates there in the 16th century.

Other noble families

Coat of arms of the von Uder (I.)

In Siebmacher's coat of arms, three noble families from Uder appear from the 13th to the 17th century and are assigned to the Stolberg , Mansfeld and Thuringia areas. It is not known to what extent there are tribal relationships to the medieval von Othera family. The different coats of arms each show three differently arranged arrowheads (plate 111).

In Clingen in Schwarzburg , a gender (of) Uder can be identified between the 16th and 18th centuries. The progenitor is Friedrich Udra, who was named as bailiff in Clingen in 1525 during the Peasants' War and until at least 1537 . A connection to the Udra in Stolberg (Harz), who were council members there in the 15th and 16th centuries, is conceivable, but unproven. On May 8, 1537, the bailiff Udra and his descendants were awarded a feudal deed for the obergut in Clingen by Count Gunter von Schwarzburg . Friedrich Udra had 3 sons, who are named as successors in fiefdom in 1553: Friedrich Uder († before 1575), Caspar Uder († 1599) and Hans Uder († before 1553), the latter, however - since he has already died - represented by his still underage son Hans Christoph Uder (* approx. 1553, † 2.5.1637 Clingen). In the period that followed, the family owned other estates in and around Clingen or had fief shares in them. Caspar was the father of the brothers Hans Caspar von Uder and Friedrich von Uder († 1641), the latter was a councilor by 1615 and vice chancellor in Braunschweig from 1616. He brought goods and a. in Mauderode , Hochstedt and Salza itself. In 1618 he founded an ironworks in Ilfeld , and in 1632 he is named as the Councilor of Clara Countess and Frau zu Schwarzburg (at Heringen Castle). Friedrich von Uder was married to Anna von Schrenk.

Hans Christoph Uder mentioned above was a Schwarzburg captain in Sondershausen and a manor in Clingen. In his first marriage he was married to Martha Vogeln († 20.9.1598 Clingen), in his second marriage to Anna Maria von Salfeld (* 21.6.1579 Clingen, † 27.5.1624 Clingen). He survived both wives and most of his 14 children, most of whom died of the plague.

The preposition "von" as an addition to the name of Uder appears in the archives for the first time in 1598 and 1600 in the signatures of Caspar von Uder and the later Vice Chancellor Friedrich von Uder. Her cousin Hans Christoph, however, wrote his name without "von" until his death in 1637. Only his sons sign with "von Uder" and seal with the coat of arms of the following variant (II).

Hans Christoph Uder's son Georg von Uder (* 26.2.1609 Clingen, † 1648 Clingen) was a lieutenant and married to Maria Elisabeth Schrenck von Notzing (* approx. 1610, † approx. 1662). In 1648 he drowned in the copper helmets. His sons were Friedrich Wilhelm von Uder (* ca. 1640, † 1703), Rittmeister in Dutch service; Wolf Georg von Uder (* ca. 1642, † 1704), lieutenant in the Electoral Saxon service, married in 1667 to Anna Margaretha Engela von Minnigerode (* 10.1.1646 Bockelnhagen, † after 1683); and Caspar Heinrich von Uder (* April 25, 1649 Clingen, † after 1701), officer and married to Charlotta von Schwarzburg.

Wolf Georg von Uder's son of the same name (* around 1685 Clingen, † 24.5.1754 Arnstadt ) was a lieutenant in the cuirassier regiment of Prince Alexander in 1718, in 1730 a cavalry master in the royal Polish and electoral Saxon services, and from around 1733 major in the service of the regiment of the Prince von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen under Colonel von Diepenbroick, first in Mecklenburg, then as a lieutenant colonel in Holland. In 1748 he took over the regiment from v. Diepenbroick and brought it back to the Thuringian homeland.

With the death of Lieutenant Colonel Wolf Georg von Uder in 1756, the branch of those from Uder zu Clingen in the male line became extinct. His marriage to Magdalena Sibylla von Görschen (* 11.1.1684 Kleineichstätt, † after 1754) in Hohenmölsen in 1718 resulted in an only daughter named Magdalena Elisabeth von Uder.

Numerous members of a family von Othera or Otthera in Mühlhausen , Erfurt and other places were mentioned from the 15th to the 17th century , a family relationship has not been proven. As Ottera , it is regarded as a small Thuringian noble family according to Siebmacher's coat of arms.

Representative

Below are some members of the different families of Uder and Othera:

  • Dietrich of Udera (1189)
  • Conrad von Odera (1264) makes a donation to the Reifenstein monastery
  • Conrad of Udera (1368)
  • Ditmar and Kurt von Uder (1428), mayors of Heiligenstadt
  • Johann von Othera (1461), vicar of the St. Jacob's Altar in the parish church of St. Bartholomäi in Erfurt
  • Johann von Othera (1480–1547), born in Erfurt, municipal lawyer in Mühlhausen, later mayor there, chancellor of the abbey of Fulda
  • Wilhelm von Othera (1521 / 22–1600) born in Mühlhausen, (1568–1596) councilor in Mühlhausen, died in Arnstadt, and his son Lucas (1560)
  • Christoph von Othera (1547), witnessed the handover of the Kommende Griefstedt to Heinrich von Widderstein
  • Jakob von Othera (1551–1613), Hessian bailiff in Eppstein and his son Nikolaus (1576–1625), lawyer and minister

coat of arms

  • Coat of arms of the Uder (II.)

  • Coat of arms of the Uder (III.)

The coat of arms has been handed down in three variants, three nails or arrowheads in common.

Coat of arms of the Uder (I.)

Three fan-shaped nails on the shield and three ostrich feathers on the helmet.

Coat of arms of the Uder (II.)

Split shield above two pointed nails, one below. Helmet with three ostrich feathers.

Coat of arms of the Uder (III.)

In the shield there is a ball from which three fan-shaped arrows emerge. crowned helmet with two buffalo horns.

literature

  • J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms. Volume 6, 6th division, extinct Prussian nobility, Province of Saxony (exl. The Altmark), Nuremberg 1884 digitized
  • B. Siebert: Uder and his story. A contribution to the political and economic history of the Eichsfeld, especially of the Rusteberg office. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1938
  • Otto Posse: Rusteberg, Uder, Knorr, Schadeberg In: The seals of the nobility of the Wettin region. Volume V, Verlag Baensch Stiftung Dresden 1917, pp. 88–89

Web link

Commons : Uder  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bernhard Siebert: Uder and his story. A contribution to the political and economic history of the Eichsfeld, especially of the Rusteberg office. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1938, pages 156–157
  2. ^ Burchard Christian von Spilcker: Contributions to older German history: 3rd document book, page 41: Certificate from Archbishop Siegfried of Mainz to the Bursfelde monastery ("Tydericus de Vdra")
  3. ↑ Johann Wolf: Political history of the Eichsfeld with documents explained. Volume 1, Johann Georg Rosenbusch Göttingen 1792, p. 100
  4. ^ Bernhard Siebert: Uder and his story. A contribution to the political and economic history of the Eichsfeld, especially of the Rusteberg office. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1938, pages 157-165
  5. ^ Bernhard Siebert: Uder and his story. A contribution to the political and economic history of the Eichsfeld, especially of the Rusteberg office. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1938, p. 24
  6. ^ Website of the Knorrsches Haus association
  7. ↑ Otto Posse: The seal of the nobility of the Wettin region. Volume V, Baensch Foundation Dresden 1917, p. 99
  8. ↑ Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : Die Wüstungen des Eichsfeldes: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of law and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. O. Hendel, Göttingen 1903, p. 902
  9. ^ Siebmacher, 6th volume 6th abbot, extinct Prussian nobility Province of Saxony, page 171 link
  10. ^ Fuchs, Walther Peter; Franz, Gunther; Merx, Otto (Hrsg.): Files on the history of the peasant war in Central Germany . tape 2 . Teubner, Leipzig 1942.
  11. ^ Botho counts Stolberg-Wernigerode: The advice to Stolberg . In: Journal of the Harz Association for History and Antiquity . tape 3 , 1871, p. 899-905 .
  12. ↑ The council of Stolberg. Retrieved February 10, 2020 .
  13. ↑ LATh - StA Rudolstadt, Sondershäuser Urkunden (5-11-2010) 1537, May 8 (Reg. 3469, size K)
  14. ↑ LATh - StA Rudolstadt, Chancellery Sondershausen (5-14-1120) No. 4386 and 4388
  15. ^ Zeitfuchs, Johann Arnold; Consil., JJG: Stolberg Church and City History… Frankfurth / Leipzig / Gotha 1717.
  16. ↑ The Serene World. 4th part, Hamburg 1711
  17. ↑ LATh - StA Rudolstadt, Sondershausen Chancellery (5-14-1120) No. 4388. See also LA HA, Cal. Br. 14, No. 934 for the year 1618/1620
  18. ↑ Siebmacher, 6th volume, 6th abbot, extinct Prussian nobility, Province of Saxony, p. 119 link
  19. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldisches Urkundenbuch together with the treatise of the Eichsfeldischen nobility. Göttingen 1819 page 18
  20. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldisches Urkundenbuch together with the treatise of the Eichsfeldischen nobility. Göttingen 1819 page 18
  21. ↑ Landgrave Regests online No. 11634. Regest of the Landgraves of Hesse. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  22. ^ Johann Wolf: History and description of the city of Heiligenstadt with documents. Göttingen 1800, page 222
  23. ↑ Pension letter on archive-in-thuringia
  24. ↑ Ed. Helmar Junghans: Thomas-Müntzer-Edition. Critical Complete Edition Volume 3, Leipzig 2004, page 205
  25. ^ JG Anderson: History of the German Ordens-Commende Griefstedt Erfurt 1867, page 107
  26. ↑ othera (Ottera), Nicolaus of. Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).