District Administrator (Baltic States)

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From the 2nd half of the 16th century until 1918, district administrators in the Baltic States were electoral officials elected by the Baltic Knights and belonged to the district councils. In the Baltic States, Livonia and Oesel , Estonia and Courland belonged to them until 1918 . Lithuania was united with Poland in 1569 , due to the decline of Poland-Lithuania and the partition of Poland, Lithuania remained part of the Russian Empire until 1917 . The assembly room of the district administrators was the district council chamber. Except in Courland, where it was called a knight's house.

District administrators according to knighthood

  • Coat of arms of the Livonian knighthood

  • Knighthood House of the Oesel Knighthood Arensburg (2007)

  • Estonia Coat of Arms

  • Coat of arms of the Courland Knighthood

Livonia and Oesel

The Livonian knighthood and the Oesel knighthood sent an electoral officer for life to the district council.

Estonia

The Estonian knighthood also sent an electoral officer for life as a member of the district council. In this office the District Administrator was also a member of the Higher Regional Court until 1889.

Courland

The headquarters of the Courland knighthood was the knight's house in Pilten , and they elected a district administrator from among their number to represent them in the district council. The office of district administrator was canceled in 1817.

Presiding and resident district administrators

A presiding position means that the incumbent chairs a body , it is synonymous with " chairing and leading". In Estonia, the longest-serving district administrator represented the governor as chairman of the higher regional court.

To reside means that the district administrator officiated in a residence and at the same time has his residence there. This residence was partly the district property assigned to the district administrator . In Livonia, the district administrator appointed by the district council had his residence in the Ritterhaus in Riga , which in 1875 was fixed for three years. He was also the chairman of the district council and took on the management of the Livonian knighthood. In addition, he took part in meetings of the governorate government and conferred with the land marshal . The office of resident district administrator existed until the dissolution of knighthood in the Republic of Latvia in 1920.

Landratsgut

The Landratsgut or Ritterschaftsgut was primarily a Good the competent four Ritterschaften which in Livonia for maintenance served the district administrators. In Estonia, however, it served as the seat of the registry at the Higher Regional Court and the Men’s Court . The district administrators received table money from the estates , which were "monies or sums of money that are assigned and intended to a noble gentleman to dispute his table and, in another sense, to run his court ." There were five district estates in Livonia in the 19th century and three in Estonia, while Courland owned his estate with the knight's house and the former bishopric of Pilten.

District Council

The district councils in the Baltic States were primarily responsible for advising the civil governors and the state provincial administrations.

District Council Livonia

During the Russian rule in Livonia the district council consisted of six district administrators each from the Latvian and Estonian part. According to the Russian imperial laws, the district administrators were honorary government officials of the fourth class . They belonged to the committee for life and had to be entered in the registers of the Baltic knighthoods. Her primary duties included "vigilant, fatherly care for the upholding of the rights, justice, institutions and fixed norms of knighthood". In addition, they chaired the knightly institutions, took part in the deliberations of the district deputies in the aristocratic convention and advised them on their decisions. The district council was responsible for keeping the matriculation and aristocratic family books of the non-matriculated governor nobility . The Landratskollegium was responsible for the self-government of Livonia, the following institutions were subordinate to it: the Knighthood Chancellery, the Treasury Deputies, the Knighthood Goods Commission, which consisted of a District Administrator and four deputies elected according to district, and finally the administration of the post office and routes.

District Council Oesel

In principle, the rules of the district council on Oesel coincided with those of Livonia; it consisted of four district administrators.

County Council of Estonia

The "Landrathskollegium Estonia" was the highest court in the country (Higher Regional Court) and existed for over 600 years; it was the oldest dish in the Baltic States. The members of the district council were elected for life. Even at the time of the Teutonic Order , twelve district administrators formed the highest self-governing body in the country. The state parliament met in Reval every three years . The presiding chairman represented the governor general at the higher regional court, the councilors were elected for life and were members of the knighthood committee. "In addition, a district administrator held the office of president of the consistory , the board of trustees of the knight and cathedral school in Reval and was head of the church in one of the four districts."

District council in Courland

The highest government authority residing in Pilten had come together in 1819 to form a joint body in the Duchy of Courland and Zemgale . All members belonged to the Pilsen and later the Courland nobility. The six district administrators elected by the Courland knighthood also represented and formed the district court.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Livl. Landtag Recesse 388 Livl. State Parliament Recesse. The recesses of the Livonian diets from the years 1681–1711. Edited by Carl Schirren . Dorpat 1865
  2. ^ BPR (Provincial Law of the Baltic Sea Governments (Baltic Provincial Law)) II § 339, 557 ff., 425, 689 ff.
  3. ↑ BPR II § 447, 727 ff.
  4. ^ Goat horn § 301; Pilt. FR § 7 (Piltener Formula Regiminis de Anno 1617 (regimental formula from 1617), in: Ziegenhorn, supplement)
  5. ^ Tobien, Ritterschaft I 15 ff .; Reluctantly 37; BPR II §§ 566 ff., 692
  6. ^ Table money. In: Economic Encyclopedia or general system of the state, city, house and agriculture [1]
  7. ↑ Tobien, Agricultural Legislation I 10 f .; BPR II §§ 45, 359, 556, 729; I 852; Internet 17
  8. ↑ BPR II § 563
  9. ↑ Tobien, Agricultural Legislation I 30 ff .; Tobien, Knighthood I 13; BPR II §§ 557 ff., 689 ff.
  10. ↑ BPR II § 261 ff., 727 ff.
  11. ^ Goat horn § 301; Pilt. FR §§ 7 f., 12 ff., 22