Roslavl

city Roslavl Рославль flag coat of arms Federal district Central Russia Oblast Smolensk Rajon Roslavl mayor Alexander Ivanov Founded 1137 City since 1755 surface 43  km² population 54,900 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 1277 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 200  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 48134 Post Code 216501-216507 License Plate 67 OKATO 66 236 501 Website www.roslavl.ru Geographical location Coordinates 53 ° 57 '  N , 32 ° 51'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 57 '0 "  N , 32 ° 51' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Smolensk Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Roslavl [ ˈrosləvlʲ ] ( Russian Рославль ) is a city in Smolensk Oblast in western Russia near the Belarusian border. It has 54,900 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

Roslavl is located on the left, western bank of the Ostjor , a tributary of the Sosh in the catchment area of ​​the Dnieper , and is 123 km away from the regional capital, Smolensk . The nearest town is Desnogorsk about 35 km east of Roslavl.

history

Holy Transfiguration Monastery

House of Culture in Roslavl

Roslavl was founded in 1137 by the Smolensk prince Rostislaw Mstislawitsch from the Radimichi family (радимичи) as Rostislavl . The city functioned as the administrative center at the intersection of trade routes.

In 1408 Roslavl came to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . In 1654 the site was the scene of the Third Russo-Polish War , a conflict that arose as a result of a rebellion by the local Cossacks , Crimean Tatars and Ruthenian peasants under Hetman Bohdan Khmelnyzkyj against the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Union . In 1654, the last ruler of the Principality of Trubetsk (Trubchevsk), Alexei Nikitich Trubetskoi , conquered the city. In the Treaty of Andrussovo , Roslavl (like the entire Smolensk Voivodeship ) was finally ceded to Russia ( Moscow ).

During the Second World War , Roslavl was occupied by German troops after Germany's attack on the Soviet Union in 1941 in the course of the Battle of Smolensk . The Katyusha type rocket launchers , better known as the Stalin organ, were used for the first time in the Roslavl area in July 1941 .

Most of the 3,000 Jews living in the city were able to flee before the German conquest of the city on August 3, 1941. In October 1941, the remaining 600 to 800 Jews were ghettoized in a street and shot at the end of the year by a unit of Einsatzkommando 8 under the direction of Detective Inspector Wilhelm Döring .

A mass grave for starving Russian prisoners of war or those who died of epidemics was laid in the village by the German occupation . On September 25, 1943, Roslavl was liberated from the Western Front formation of the Red Army as part of the Smolensk Operation .

Today the city is a trading town and administrative center of the south of Smolensk Oblast.

Population development

year	Residents
1897	17,776
1939	41,480
1959	37,433
1970	48,516
1979	56,046
1989	60,470
2002	57,701
2010	54,900

Note: census data

sons and daughters of the town

• Marija Itkina (* 1932), Soviet-Belarusian athlete
• Sergei Konjonkow (1874–1971), sculptor
• Michail Mikeschin (1835–1896), sculptor and painter
• Pyotr Sheremetew (1713–1788), general, chamberlain and patron

literature

• Roslavl , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , p. 664
• Martin Dean: Roslavl , in: Martin Dean (Ed.): The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. 2, ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe: Part B . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-253-00227-3 , pp. 1815f.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Misery and cold, joy and hope Website of the Bishop of Münster. Retrieved July 21, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Roslavl  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Roslavl on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• Unofficial website (Russian)