Johann Friedrich Hartknoch

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Johann Friedrich Hartknoch ( silhouette )

Johann Friedrich Hartknoch (born September 28, 1740 in Goldap , East Prussia , † April 1, 1789 in Riga ) - the elder to distinguish it from the son of the same name - was a German publisher and music dealer during the Enlightenment .

Immanuel Kant: "Critique of Pure Reason". Riga: JF Hartknoch 1781

Live and act

Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, son of an organist and town musician who studied at the University of Konigsberg theology and kicked 19-year the Masons at. After his studies, he completed an apprenticeship as a publishing bookseller with Johann Jakob Kanter in Königsberg , took over his branch in Mitau in 1762 , but went into self- employment in Riga in 1765 and built up one of the most respected publishing houses of the time in Germany . Last but not least, his personal contacts to personalities such as Johann Gottfried Herder , with whom he had been close friends since his student days, Johann Georg Hamann and Immanuel Kant, helped him . Kant's writings have been published almost without exception by Hartknoch since 1763, as have Hamann's writings. The now successful businessman Hartknoch arranged for Herder a job at the cathedral school in Riga and later financed his friend's trips. Hartknoch saw himself as a brilliant motivator for his authors and had an excellent command of sales. He was a member of the Riga Masonic Lodge Zum Schwert .

Hartknoch also published works by Adolph Freiherr Knigge , Ernst Moritz Arndt , Anton Friedrich Büsching , Theodor Körner , Friedrich Laun, Arthur Schopenhauer , Christoph August Tiedge , Friedrich Maximilian Klinger , Johann Gottfried Seume and many others as well as German translations of foreign language works , such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Louis-Philippe de Ségurs .

After 1767, Hartknoch also published a series of printed music , probably due to his origins from a family of musicians , which made him the most important music publisher in the Baltic region .

"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland", published in German by JF Hartknoch

Hartknoch left in letterpress quality at the business partner in Leipzig Johann Gottlob Immanuel Breitkopf produce. Hartknoch published the most important composers of the Baltic region, such as Johann Gottfried Müthel , Johann Gottfried Wilhelm Palschau , Johann Anton Preis , Christian Wilhelm Podbielski , Karl Gottlieb Richter, Franz Adam Feichtner , but also Johann Friedrich Reichardt and Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach , with whom he probably met in 1775.

Hartknoch also worked as a music dealer. Two sales catalogs from Georg Poelchau's estate are in the Berlin State Library .

Hartknoch was not yet 49 years old when he died. The publishing house was continued by the son Johann Friedrich Hartknoch (the younger; * July 27, 1769 in Riga; † 1819 in Pillnitz near Dresden ). Due to differences with the Russian government, the publishing house moved to Leipzig in 1803.

In 1868, William French acquired the Johann Friedrich Hartknoch publishing house . In 1869, Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was published by Hartknoch in the German translation by Antonie Zimmermann. In 1879 the main part of the publishing house went to Ed. Wartigs Verlag (Ernst Hoppe) in Leipzig (founded 1865) over. Individual works came to Otto Janke in Berlin, HA Pierer in Altenburg , Veit & Co. in Leipzig, Stuhrsche Buchhandlung in Berlin and D. Soltau in the north .

Johann Friedrich Hartknoch's tomb in Riga

literature

  • Julius von Eckardt :  Hartknoch, Johann Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 667.
  • Kurt Forstreuter :  Hartknoch, Johann Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 717 ( digitized version ).
  • Klaus Kocks : On the rebirth of the Hartknoch publishing house in the spirit of the Kantian conversation. A travel note on the occasion of philosophical revival. In: Arthur Poelchau : The publishing house of Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, bookseller and publisher. Mitau, 1762-1767. Riga, 1767-1804. A bibliographical attempt. Hartknoch, Riga 2003.
  • Ulrich Leisinger : Relations between the Riga publisher Johann Friedrich Hartknoch and the Bach family of musicians. A documentation. In: Ulrich Leisinger and Hans-Günter Ottenberg (eds.): Report on the international symposium from March 12 to 16, 1998 in Frankfurt (Oder), Zangan and Zielona Gora. Part 2: The distribution of the works of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach in East Central Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. On behalf of the concert hall “C. Ph. E. Bach ”and the Frankfurter Festtage der Musik e. V. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach Concert Hall, Frankfurt (Oder) 2002.
  • Arthur Poelchau : The publishing house of Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, bookseller and publisher. Mitau, 1762-1767. Riga, 1767-1804. A bibliographical attempt. Riga 1918; New edition: Hartknoch, Riga 2003.
  • Rudolf Schmidt : German booksellers - German book printers. Contributions to a history of forms in the German book trade. Volume 1. Franz Weber, Berlin 1902, p. 374 ff. ( Online ).
  • Claudia Taszus: The Princely privileged Hofbuchdruckerei Rudolstadt (1772-1824). Your relationship with the publishing house Johann Friedrich Hartknoch the Younger and your position in literary Germany . 2 volumes. Lumpeter & Lasel, Eutin 2011, ISBN 978-3-9812961-0-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolf Schmidt : German booksellers - German book printers. P. 374
  2. ↑ ibid
  3. ↑ Erich Donnert: Europe in the early modern times: Unknown sources. Essays on the development, preliminary stages, limits and continued effects of the early modern era in and around Europe. Tables of contents of volumes 1-6. Register of persons in volumes 1-7. Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 1997, ISBN 9783412107024 , p. 1044. Restricted preview in the Google book search
  4. ↑ Ulrich Leisinger: Relations between the Riga publisher Johann Friedrich Hartknoch and the Bach family of musicians. P. 490 ff
  5. ↑ ibid. 492
  6. ^ Rudolf Schmidt : German booksellers - German book printers. P. 378 ff
personal data
SURNAME Hartknoch, Johann Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German publisher and music dealer
DATE OF BIRTH September 28, 1740
PLACE OF BIRTH Goldap , East Prussia
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1789
Place of death Riga