Praskovia Ivanovna Shemchugova

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Praskovia Ivanovna Shemchugova ( NI Argunow , Hermitage )

Praskovya (parashah) Ivanovna Kowaljowa-Schemtschugowa, Countess Scheremetewa ( Russian Прасковья (Параша) Ивановна Ковалёва-Жемчугова, графиня Шереметева ; born July 31 . Jul / 11. August  1768 greg. In the province of Yaroslavl , † March 7 jul. / 19 March  1803 greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a Russian actress and soprano .

Life

Praskovia Ivanovna was the daughter of the serf blacksmith Ivan Stepanowitsch Gorbunow, also known as Kuznetsov and Kovalev, who in the trousseau of Princess Varvara Alexejewna Cherkassky, daughter of the Russian Chancellor Alexei Cherkassky , passed into the possession of Count Pyotr Sheremetev when she married. At the age of seven Praskovia came to the Princess Martha Michailowna Dolgoruka, who was born Sheremeteva on the Sheremetev country estate in Kuskowo . Praskovia's musical talent was noticed early on, so that she was trained for Count Pyotr Sheremetev's Kuskovo serf theater . She made her debut in 1779 in the role of the servant in André Grétry's opera L'Amitié à l'épreuve . The following year she played the role of Belinda in Antonio Sacchini's opera La Colonie, already under her stage name Shemchugowa (The Pearl) .

Praskowja had a lyrical and dramatic soprano voice , played the harpsichord and harp and spoke French and Italian . She studied with Jelisaveta Sandunowa and Ivan Dmitrevsky , who trained the serf actors of the Sheremetev Theater in singing and dramatic arts. She achieved great success in 1781 with her role as Lisa in the comic opera Le déserteur by Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny . In 1785 she triumphed as Éliane in Grétry's opera Les mariages samnites . She played Éliane again in 1787, when the newly built theater in Kuskowo was opened in the presence of Empress Catherine II . The empress was so impressed that she presented Praskovia with a diamond ring . In 1792 by Count Nikolai Sheremetew , son of Pyotr Sheremetev, at the Sheremetev estate Ostankino northeast of Moscow, Praskowja played Eliane in 1797 in the presence of the abdicated Polish King Stanislaus II August Poniatowski .

In 1797, Emperor Paul I appointed Nikolai Sheremetev as Lord Chamberlain to St. Petersburg . Nikolai Sheremetev settled in the St. Petersburg Sheremetev Palace on the Fontanka . down where he took the best of his theater troupe and Praskovia. The harsh St. Petersburg climate did not suit her, so that she became consumptive , lost her voice and could no longer perform. 1798 Nikolai Sheremetev her and the entire family Kovalev gave carte blanche . In 1800 Nikolai Sheremetev took his leave and settled with Praskovya in Moscow in a property on Vozdwischenka Street, which he had acquired from his brother-in-law, Count AK Rasumowski . In 1801, Nikolai Sheremetev secretly married Praskovia in Moscow's Simeon Stolnik Church. It is unclear whether he received the necessary permission from Emperor Alexander I for this unequal marriage or the blessing of the metropolitan Plato. The required witnesses were the architect Giacomo Quarenghi (or the historian Alexei Malinowski ) and Praskovia's friend Tatiana Schlykowa-Granatowa . Nikolai Sheremetev defended his marriage on the basis of the legend of Praskovia's descent from Polish slaughter Kowaljowski.

In February 1803 Praskovia gave birth to their son Dmitri and died three weeks later. She was buried in the Sheremetev's family funeral in the St. Petersburg Alexander Nevsky Monastery . Giacomo Quarenghi accompanied her on her last journey.

After the death of his wife, Nikolai Sheremetev had a monumental free hospital and poor hospital built in the style of a Belvedere in Moscow on his own property, which was opened in 1810 after the death of Sheremetev (now the Moscow Sklifossovsky Institute for Medical First Aid ). In the east of Moscow in Veshnyaki there is Shemchugova Avenue . In 1994 the television film Countess Sheremeteva was recorded.

Web links

Commons : Praskovya Ivanovna Shemchugova  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brockhaus-Efron : Кузнецова-Горбунова.
  2. ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia : Жемчугова Прасковья Ивановна.
  3. ↑ Жемчугова, Прасковья Ивановна (accessed September 12, 2016).
  4. ↑ Ковалёва Прасковья Ивановна (accessed September 12, 2016).
  5. ↑ Марфа Михайловна Шереметева (Долгорукова) р. 1700 ум. 1782 (accessed September 11, 2016).
  6. ↑ А. Н. Греч: Венок усадьбам . АСТ-ПРЕСС КНИГА, Moscow 2006.
  7. ↑ Sheremetev Palace (accessed September 9, 2016).
  8. ↑ А. Рогов: Шереметев и Жемчугова . Вагриус, 2007.
  9. ^ Douglas Smith: A True Tale of Forbidden Love in Catherine the Great's Russia . Yale University Press, New Haven 2008.
  10. ↑ a b Елена Лебедева: Храм на Черкасских огородах (accessed September 12, 2016).
personal data
SURNAME Shemchugova, Praskovia Ivanovna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Жемчугова, Прасковья Ивановна (Russian); Kowaljowa, Praskowja Ivanovna; Sheremeteva, Praskovia Ivanovna; Kovalyova, Praskovya Ivanovna; Sheremeteva, Praskovya Ivanovna
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian actress and soprano
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1768
PLACE OF BIRTH Yaroslavl Governorate
DATE OF DEATH March 19, 1803
Place of death St. Petersburg