Ostankino Castle
Ostankino Castle ( Russian уса́дьба Оста́нкино ) northeast of Moscow was a country seat of the Sheremetev counts and is now a museum in the Moscow Botanical Garden not far from the Ostankino TV tower . The castle is the world's third largest wooden structure after the Tōdai-ji in Nara and the old government building in Wellington .
History of the castle
Ostankino was first mentioned in 1558. In 1584 the keeper of the seal and chancellor Wissili Shtschelkalow, as the landlord of Ostankino, had his boyar house built there, a pond, a small wood planted and a wooden church built. This facility was destroyed in the time of turmoil . Only the pond remained. Prince Ivan Cherkassky received the property from Tsar Michael I and rebuilt the boyar house and the Trinity Church in 1601. His nephew Prince Jakow Tscherkassi inherited the property and started a hunting area in 1642. His son Prince Michael had the house and Trinity Church (1678–1683) renovated and a cedar grove laid out. At the beginning of the 18th century, Ostankino was one of the most beautiful mansions in the Moscow area.
Princess Varvara Alexejewna Cherkassky, granddaughter of Prince Michael and daughter of the Russian Chancellor Alexei Cherkassky , was the only heiress of the huge estate and in 1743 married Count Pyotr Sheremetev , who was no less wealthy , and Ostankino was part of her furnishings and thus became part of the Sheremetev property. Pyotr Sheremetev continued to live on his country estate Kuskovo , so that Ostankino was now mainly used for agriculture. He had greenhouses and greenhouses built and the house rebuilt. He commissioned Johann Manstadt to expand the park so that it could be used commercially. The park included areas where today the Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy , the Ostankino TV Tower and the Moscow Botanical Garden are located. Exotic plants were cultivated and sold to wealthy Moscow families, including Empress Catherine II and Prince Potjomkin .
After Pyotr Sheremetev's death in 1788, his son Nikolai Sheremetev inherited Ostankino. under which the castle received its final shape. The park was renewed in 1791–1794. In 1797 an English landscape garden was laid out north of the castle .
After Nikolai Sheremetev had set up house theaters in his houses in Kuskovo, Moscow- Kitai-Gorod and Markowo (near Ramenskoye ) , he had Ostankino Castle converted into the most important serf theater of its time with a stage, auditorium, changing rooms and mechanical ones from 1792–1798 Machinery. The architects Giacomo Quarenghi , Vincenzo Brenna , Francesco Camporesi , Karl Blank , JS Nasarow and Iwan Starow were involved . Vasily Bashenov's alleged involvement by Igor Grabar is controversial. The theater opened in 1795. There are operas , ballets and comedies listed. The comic operas by Nicolas Dalayrac and others predominated . Sheremetev was the first in Russia to turn to Gluck's reform operas . Only the 1797 season was public with performances for Emperor Paul I and the abdicated Polish King Stanislaus II August Poniatowski . In 1804 after the death of Countess Praskovia Sheremeteva , wife of Nikolai Sheremetev, the serfs theater was stopped. The splendid interior of the castle has been preserved. The halls with gilded wood carvings and the artfully designed parquet are main attractions. The chandeliers and furniture are in their original places.
Nikolai Sheremetev's son Dmitri Sheremetev did little to maintain the palace. During the 1830s, old 17th century residential buildings and some farm buildings were demolished. The park has also been neglected. In 1856, on the occasion of his coronation in Moscow , Emperor Alexander II used Ostankino as a short-term residence, for which some rooms on the ground floor of the palace were renovated and converted into living rooms. Parts of the park were later sold to dacha developers and leased to farmers. In the greenhouses, flowers were grown for trade.
In 1918, after the October Revolution , the palace became a publicly accessible State Museum for Serf Art, in which operas from the Sheremetev era were performed. The park was redesigned as Dzerzhinsky Culture and Recreation Park by Vitaly Dolganov . In 2013 the castle was closed for restoration . The reopening is planned after 2020.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Музей-усадьба Останкино (accessed September 16, 2016).
- ^ Ostankino Estate Museum (Moscow) (accessed September 16, 2016).
- ↑ Т. В. Муравьева: Венок московских усадеб . Вече, Moscow 2009, ISBN 978-5-9533-2197-6 , p. 180-218 .
- ↑ А. Ю. Низовский: Самые знаменитые усадьбы России . Вече, Moscow 2000, ISBN 5-7838-0792-3 , p. 115-122 .
- ^ A b c Peter Hayden: Russian Parks and Gardens . 2005, ISBN 0-7112-2430-7 , pp. 165-166 .
- ↑ Памятники архитектуры Москвы. Окрестности старой Москвы (северо-западная и северная части города) . Искусство - XXI век, Moscow 2004, ISBN 5-98051-011-7 , p. 230 .
Coordinates: 55 ° 49 ′ 29 ″ N , 37 ° 36 ′ 52 ″ E