Sheremetev
The Sheremetev family ( Russian Шереметев ) is an old Russian aristocratic family related to the Romanovs .
history
Like the Romanovs, the Scheremetews of the boyars Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla originate from that the court of I. Ivan lived. Possibly he was of Ruthenian or Samogite origin. His descendant Andrei Konstantinowitsch Bezzubtsev, who lived at the end of the 15th century, was nicknamed Sheremet. One theory says that the name is derived from Tatar or Turkish and translated means "poor man".
The Sheremetews took part in numerous battles during the 16th century. So in the wars against the Ottomans , in the Livonian War and in the Kazan campaigns . In 1521 the voivode Sheremetev fell on the Oka in the fight against Magmet-Girai of Kazan . In 1659 the boyar Peter Vasilyevich Sheremetev served in the fight against the Poles. The following year he became governor of Smolensk .
The boyar Peter Nikitich Sheremetev took part in the uprising against the false Dmitri . An important statesman in the first half of the 17th century was the boyar Fyodor Ivanovich Schermetew. He made a significant contribution to the election of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov and headed the Moscow government, where he strengthened the role of the Russian Estates Assembly .
The rise of the family began under the boyar Boris Petrovich Sheremetev . In 1686 he was the Russian envoy in Warsaw and Vienna and then embarked on a military career. 1703 commanded as Russian field marshal on the Neva . For his services in the suppression of the First Strelizan Uprising , Sheremetev was the first in Russia to be elevated to a Russian count . After the decisive victory in the Battle of Poltava against Sweden in 1709, Peter the Great gave him a piece of land in St. Petersburg on the Fontanka , whereupon his son Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev built a palace. Until 1917 the palace was owned by five generations of the Sheremetev family.
Fate under the Soviet regime
Like many other noble families, the Sheremetews were exposed to all kinds of repression, including targeted murder, by the Soviet regime. The fate of Count Sergei Dmitrijewitsch Sheremetev's family is one of the focal points of the historian Douglas Smith's book on the fall of the Russian aristocracy during the Soviet regime.
Significant namesake
- Boyar Ivan Vasilyevich Sheremetev , a military man under the government of Tsar Ivan IV.
- Boyar Fedor Ivanovich Sheremetev , concluded with Poland on December 1, 1618 in Deulino, then in Vyazma advantageous peace treaties
- Count Alexander Dmitrijewitsch Sheremetew (1859–1931), Russian music lover, conductor and patron
- Count Boris Petrovich Sheremetev (1652–1719), Russian Field Marshal General, one of the creators of the modern Russian army under Peter the Great
- Count Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Sheremetew (1803–1871), Russian chamberlain and benefactor
- Count Mikhail Borisovich Sheremetev (1672–1714), Russian major general
- Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetew (1751–1809), Lord Chamberlain
- Count Pawel Sheremetew (1871–1943), Russian politician, painter, writer and museum director
- Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev (1713–1788), Russian general, chamberlain and patron
- Countess Praskowja Ivanovna Sheremeteva (1768–1803), Russian actress and soprano
- Count Sergej Dmitrijewitsch Sheremetew (1844–1918), member of the State Council of the Russian Empire
Possessions
Chernyshev
See also
- Sheremetyevo , place name
literature
- Douglas Smith: The Last Dance. The fall of the Russian aristocracy. From the American by Bernd Rullkötter. Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-596-19777-4 (Orig .: Former People. The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy , 2012).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Arthur Kleinschmidt: Russia's history and politics presented in the history of the Russian high nobility . Ray., 1877 ( google.de [accessed January 2, 2020]).
- ↑ Materials on a history of the Estonian aristocracy, according to the order adopted by the last matriculation commission. Along with other shorter essays etc: 18.19 . published by Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, 1789 ( google.de [accessed on January 2, 2020]).
- ↑ Мария Кручинина, Татьяна Заславская: Санкт-Петербург. История и мифы / Sankt Peterburg. History and myths . Litres, 2019, ISBN 978-5-04-137754-0 ( google.de [accessed on January 2, 2020]).