Supreme Court of the USSR

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The Supreme Court of the USSR ( Russian Верховный Суд СССР ) was from November 23, 1923 to January 2, 1992 the highest court of the Soviet Union in the areas of civil and criminal law (not commercial law, see state arbitrage ). It was composed of the plenary, the college for civil law, the college for criminal law and the military college.

The successor to the Supreme Court of the USSR was the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation within Russia . Like this one, the Supreme Court of the USSR was located at 15 Vorovskovo Street in Moscow (the Military College was at 23 October 25 Street ).

Responsibility and competencies

  • In matters "of extraordinary importance" ( Russian дела исключительной важности ) the Supreme Court of the USSR had a right of evocation , after which the colleges could decide in the first instance (Art. 26 No. 1, Art. 27 No. 1, Art. 28 No. 1 OGG 1979).
  • In the ordinary appeal procedure, the colleges decided on appeals against decisions of Union courts , namely on protests of its President or the General Prosecutor of the USSR and their deputies against decisions of the Maritime Arbitration Commission at the Chamber of Industry and Commerce (Art. 26 No. 5 OGG 1979) as well as on cassation complaints and protests as well as special complaints and protests against decisions of the military tribunals of higher rank (Art. 28 No. 2 OGG 1979).
  • In the supervisory procedure ( Russian порядок надзора ) the colleges were able to make final decisions of the Supreme Courts of the Union Republics in the first instance (Art. 26 No. 2, Art. 27 No. 2 OGG 1979) and the higher-ranking military tribunals (Art. 28 No. 3 OGG 1979) check. Likewise, the plenary could review legally binding decisions of the colleges of the Supreme Court of the USSR as well as the praesidia and plenums of the Supreme Courts of the Union Republics (Art. 18 No. 1 OGG 1979).
  • The military college decided on re- admissions in judgments of the higher military tribunals (Art. 28 No. 4 OGG 1979) and the plenum in decisions of the colleges or the plenum itself (Art. 18 No. 2 OGG 1979).
  • The plenary session of the Supreme Court issued “guiding explanations” ( Russian руководящие разъяснения ) to guide the other courts and other users of the law (Art. 3 OGG 1979).
  • The Supreme Court had a statutory right of initiative (Art. 4 OGG 1979).

The decisions of the colleges were called in the first instance in civil matters "reschenije" (решение), in criminal matters "prigowor" (приговор), otherwise, i. H. in appeal, supervisory and retrial proceedings, "opredelenije" (определение; Art. 31 OGG 1979). The decisions of the plenary were called “postanowlenije” (постановление; Art. 21–23 OGG 1979). - Organ of publication: Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the USSR .

occupation

The judges at the Supreme Court of the USSR were elected by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for a term of five years; since 1957 the presiding judges of the supreme courts of the Union Republics have also belonged to the court by virtue of their office (Art. 6 OGG 1979).

The colleges decided with three judges; at the first instance hearing, two of them were people's assessors (Art. 9 OGG 1979).

President of the Supreme Court

Legal bases

See also

Web links