Arbitrage court

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Moscow District Federal Economic Court

An arbitrage court ( Russian Арбитражный суд ; from French arbitrage , from Latin arbitratus "discretion, free choice, free discretion") is a court in the Russian legal area for the decision of economic disputes and can best be translated as an economic court.

Russia

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation , Chapter 7, Article 127, the highest judicial body in Russia for resolving economic disputes was the Supreme Arbitrage Court, which oversaw the subordinate arbitrage courts. The judges of the Supreme Arbitration Court were appointed by the Federation Council on the proposal of the President. In 2014 the Supreme Arbitration Court was dissolved; its jurisdiction passed to the Supreme Court .

These include the arbitrage courts of the 10 federation districts , 21 arbitrage courts of appeal, the arbitrage courts of first instance of the federal subjects and, since 2013, a special arbitrage court for intellectual property rights .

The legal basis is the Arbitrage Court Act of 1995 and the Arbitrage Court Procedure Code of 2002.

history

The state economic arbitrage (state arbitrage) originates from the times of the real existing socialism , when the overwhelming number of economic enterprises was in common ownership . For reasons of practicality, disputes that arose between state-owned companies were not settled in civil courts , but in arbitration . This arbitration, which initially operated in an unlawful area, became more legal over time and received constitutional status in the Soviet Union in 1977 (Article 163). Only towards the end of the Soviet Union was the term arbitrage court used; only Yugoslavia had commercial courts (Privredni sudovi) as early as 1954.

The institute of state economic arbitrage existed in almost all of the former communist states (Soviet Union: Государственный арбитраж; Poland: Państwowy arbitraż gospodarczy; Czechoslovakia: Hospodářská arbitráž; Hungary: Romania: Estuba ; Mongolia: Улсын арбитрын газар; North Korea: 국가 중재 제도; Vietnam: Trọng tài kinh tế Nhà nước; China: 经济 合同 仲裁 机关). The State Contracting Court existed in the GDR .

Designations in the individual Union Republics of the USSR:

  • Russia Soviet Federal Socialist RepublicRussian SFSR Russian SFSR : государственный арбитраж (Art. 175 of the 1978 Constitution) → арбитражный суд
  • Belarus Soviet Socialist RepublicBelarusian SSR Belarusian SSR : дзяржаўны арбітраж (Art. 162) → гаспадарчы суд
  • Ukraine Soviet Socialist RepublicUkrainian SSR Ukrainian SSR : державний арбітраж (Art. 161) → господарський суд
  • Moldova Soviet Socialist RepublicMoldovan SSR Moldovan SSR : арбитражул де стат (Art. 162)
  • Estonia Soviet Socialist RepublicEstonian SSR Estonian SSR : riiklik arbitraaž (Art. 162)
  • Latvia Soviet Socialist RepublicLatvian SSR Latvian SSR : valsts arbitrāža (Art. 163)
  • Lithuania Soviet Socialist RepublicLithuanian SSR Lithuanian SSR : valstybės arbitražas (Art. 161)
  • Georgia Soviet Socialist RepublicGeorgian SSR Georgian SSR : სახელმწიფო არბიტრაჟი ( sachelmzipo arbitraschi , Art. 175)
  • Armenia Soviet Socialist Republic 1952Armenian SSR Armenian SSR : պետական ​​արբիտրաժը ( petakan arbitrasche , Art. 161)
  • Azerbaijan SSRAzerbaijani SSR Azerbaijani SSR : дөвләт арбитраж (Art. 175) → inzibati-iqtisadi məhkəməsi
  • Turkmenistan Soviet Socialist RepublicTurkmen SSR Turkmen SSR : дөвлет арбатраж (Art. 163) → arbitraž kazyýeti
  • Uzbekistan Soviet Socialist RepublicUzbek SSR Uzbek SSR : давлат арбитражи (Art. 174) → туманлараро иқтисодий суди
  • Kazakhstan Soviet Socialist RepublicKazakh SSR Kazakh SSR : мемлекеттік арбитраж (Art. 163) → мамандандырылған ауданаралық экономикалық соты
  • Kyrgyzstan Soviet Socialist RepublicKyrgyz SSR Kyrgyz SSR : мамлекеттик арбитраж (Art. 163) → экономикалык иштер боюнча район аралык соту
  • Tajikistan Soviet Socialist RepublicTajik SSR Tajik SSR : арбитражи давлатӣ (Art. 164) → суди иқтисодӣ

State arbitrage is to be distinguished on the one hand from international commercial arbitrage at the chambers of foreign trade and on the other hand from administrative or departmental arbitrage ( Russian ведомственный арбитраж ).

Web links

Commons : Arbitrage courts of the Russian Federation  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Constitution of the Russian Federation, Chapter 7, Article 127/128 . Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  2. ↑ Oleg Mosgo, Anton Shamatonov: The Russian judicial reform 2013-2014. Causes, course, first results and criticism (2014)
  3. ↑ Федеральный конституционный закон "Об арбитражных судах в Российской Федерации" от 28 апреля 1995 года N 1-ФКЗ ( WiRO -Handbuch RUS 910)
  4. ↑ Арбитражный процессуальный кодекс Российской Федерации от 24 июля 2002 года N 95-ФЗ ( WiRO manual RUS 912)
  5. ↑ Положение о государственном арбитраже (1931); Положение о Государственном арбитраже при Совете Министров СССР (1960); Правила рассмотрения хозяйственных споров государственными арбитражами (1963)
  6. ^ Constitutional amendment of December 26, 1990; Law and Rules of Procedure of the Supreme Arbitration Court of May 17, 1991
  7. ↑ Peter Feuerle: State arbitration in communist countries . In: Studies in comparative communism . tape 4 , 1971, p. 25-41 , doi : 10.1016 / S0039-3592 (71) 80002-9 . Государственный арбитраж в социалистических странах . Наука, 1982 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  8. ↑ Legal bases 1960/61: Сборник инструктивных указаний 15 (1961) pp. 9–56 and 16 (1961) pp. 3–42 (Russian)
  9. ↑ ENSV ÜVT 1980, no. 42
  10. ↑ USSR: Постановление о Внешне-торговой арбитражной комиссии при Всесоюзной торговой палате (1932); Положение о Морской арбитражной комиссии при Всесоюзной торговой палате (1930)
  11. ↑ Christian Reitemeier: Administrative legal protection by the commercial courts in the Russian Federation (2013), p. 62