North lagoon
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Northern Lagoon, Norwegian Northern Laguna |
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| The north lagoon on the left behind the narrow dam in front of the Wildberget, on the right the Fugleberget. | ||
| Geographical location | Jan Mayen , Norway | |
| Tributaries | Tornøebach u. a. | |
| Drain | no | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 71 ° 0 ′ 11 " N , 8 ° 28 ′ 10" W | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 1 moh. | |
| surface | 1.22 km² | |
| length | 1.72 km | |
| width | 950 m | |
| Maximum depth | 36 m | |
The North Lagoon ( Norwegian North Laguna ) is the second largest lake on the politically Norway belonging Arctic island of Jan Mayen .
geography
The freshwater lake with no outflow is located in the immediate vicinity of the northwest coast and is only separated from the Stasjonsbukta by a dam about one kilometer long, 100 m wide and five meters high. In rough seas, seawater can get into the north lagoon via the dam. At the western end of the lake, the Fugleberget , the remainder of an eroded volcanic crater with a prominent summit rock, rises 167 m. On the land side, the north lagoon is bordered by the mountains Mohnberget (169 m), Wildberget (300 m) and the Hochstetter crater (138 m). In the intervening valleys Wilczekdalen, Jøssingdalen, Stasjonsdalen and Tornøedalen, streams flow to the lake.
ecology
A population of the Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ) lives in the northern lagoon . Their food is based on poor benthic zooplankton , the droppings of sea birds , the arches of ice gulls and nutrients introduced by seawater sporadically sloshing over the dam. The fish grow slowly and reach sexual maturity early. Some develop into much larger specimens that feed on cannibals .
history
Unlike the southern lagoon that was created later, the northern lagoon can already be found on Joan Blaeu's map from 1662.
In 1882, as part of the First International Polar Year , the Austrian expedition erected its station building about one kilometer west of the south-western tip of the lake, in Wilczekdalen at the foot of the Fugleberget. She carried out the first survey of the lake, carried out the first scientific investigations on the lake and took her drinking water from it. When the first Norwegian fur hunters came to the island in 1906 , they wintered in the houses of the Austrians. In 1908 they built more huts that they used as accommodation on their hunting trips. A tent-like structure made of driftwood on the north lagoon, the Andersenhytta, today is Jan Mayen's oldest standing structure, dates from this time .
In 1921 Jacobsenhuset was built on the north bank of the lake, but it was destroyed by the storm in the winter of 1923/24. The Joestinhuset trapper's hut was built on the same spot in 1926.
During the Second World War , a Norwegian garrison was stationed on Jan Mayen. In March 1941 she moved into a prefabricated house in Stasjonsdalen, southeast of the north lagoon. Two years later, a driftwood sauna was built right by the lake . In 1943 the US Army set up a radio direction finding station on the dam of the North Lagoon and three Nissen huts to accommodate the personnel on the northern shore of the lake. The buildings were taken over by the Norwegians in 1946, who moved their meteorological station here, but in 1949 they moved to an elevated location 200 m further north, where the Gamle Metten ("old meteorological station") was operated until 1962. In the 1950s, a small wooden hut and a sauna for the meteorologists were built on the north shore of the lake. The homes of the Americans and Joestinhuset were demolished in 1968.
In the 1950s, herring stocks were abundant in the waters around Jan Mayen. A system was installed in 1952 to supply the fishing fleet with drinking water , which pumped water from the northern lagoon to a buoy in the sea. The construction was repeatedly damaged by ice and swell and was lost in a storm in September 1954. In July 1952, Storting approached the Norwegian government with a proposal to develop the northern lagoon into a port. The project was not put on record until 1979. The expected costs were too high.
Web links
- North Laguna . In: The Place Names of Svalbard (first edition 1942). Norsk Polarinstitutt , Oslo 2001, ISBN 82-90307-82-9 (English, Norwegian).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d e Emil von Wohlgemuth : Preliminary report on the scientific polar expedition to Jan Mayen . In: The international polar research 1882–1883: The Austrian polar station Jan Mayen equipped by his Excellency Count Hanns Wilczek, led by KK Corvette captain Emil Edlen von Wohlgemuth . Observation results published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Karl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna 1886, vol. I, p. 66 .
- ↑ Stig Skreslet: Jan Mayen Island Ecology. Its Relation to the Arctic Mediterranean Ecosystem . In: Stig Skreslet (Ed.): Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus . NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Oslo, November 11-15, 2003. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, ISBN 978-1-4020-2956-1 , pp. 101–112 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Susan Barr: Historical remains on Jan Mayen , Norsk Polarinstitutt, Meddelelser No. 108, Oslo 1985. ISBN 82-90307-34-9 (Norwegian / English), p. 50.
- ^ Susan Barr: Past and Present Infrastructure of Jan Mayen as Historical Documents . The Fate of Anthropogenic Remains. In: Stig Skreslet (Ed.): Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus . NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Oslo, November 11-15, 2003. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, ISBN 978-1-4020-2956-1 , pp. 239–247 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Susan Barr: Historical remains on Jan Mayen , p. 57.
- ^ Susan Barr: Historical remains on Jan Mayen , p. 59.
- ↑ Susan Barr: Historical remains on Jan Mayen , p. 51.
- ↑ Susan Barr: Historical remains on Jan Mayen , p. 52.
- ^ A b Susan Barr: The Logistics of Past Scientific Research on Jan Mayen Island . How to Land, Exist and Work. In: Stig Skreslet (Ed.): Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus . NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Oslo, November 11-15, 2003. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, ISBN 978-1-4020-2956-1 , pp. 285–294 ( limited preview in Google Book search).