Objective psychology

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The term objective psychology is used in various meanings and contrasted with a “subjective psychology” as a spiritual experience or “inner view” of psychic phenomena (phenomena that are accessible to introspection ). "Objectivists" are representatives of psychological directions who base their knowledge on "objectively ascertainable phenomena" (e.g. Th. Beer, Albrecht Bethe and Jakob Johann von Uexküll ).

Objective psychology is also used as a designation for a direction that ties in with reflexology , uses stimuli, stimulus processing and reflex formation for the research of psychological phenomena and traces learned behavior back to the formation of reflexes. Its representatives include Vladimir Mikhailovich Bechterew , Ivan Petrovich Pavlov and Ivan Mikhailovich Setschenow . Even John B. Watson in 1913 the concept of behaviorism introduced, originally leaned on the reflexology.

Karl Jaspers equates objective psychology with a consideration of the external phenomena of mental life and distinguishes between performance (performance psychology), physical accompanying and sequelae of psychological processes (somatopsychology), "meaningful facts of the body and its movements in psychological expression" (expression psychology) as well as “world psychology” as movements of existence and behavior in the world.

Other research approaches (especially behaviorism) that only allow direct observation as a scientific method in contrast to introspective psychology are also called this. The psychological process is explained exclusively with the help of objectively ascertainable data analogous to physics.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hartmut O. Häcker, Kurt-H. Stapf (Hrsg.): Dorsch Psychological Dictionary. 15th, revised and expanded edition. Huber, Bern 2009, ISBN 978-3-456-84684-2 , p. 697.
  2. ↑ Beer, Bethe, Uexküll: Proposals for an objectifying nomenclature in the physiology of the nervous system. In: Centralblatt für Physiologie. 1899, Volume 13, No. 6th
  3. ↑ W. Bechterew: Allgemeine Reflexologie des Menschen: Guide for the objective study of personality. Deuticke, Leipzig et al. 1926. (Reprint: VDM, Müller, Saarbrücken 2006, ISBN 3-86550-983-5 )
  4. ↑ Karl Jaspers: General Psychopathology. Springer, Berlin et al. 1973, ISBN 3-540-03340-8 .