Objective mind

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Objective spirit is a term coined by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel in philosophy, which describes the " spiritual objectivity" created by man himself .

Term coining in Hegel

In Hegel the objective mind stands between the subjective mind and the absolute mind . The historical forms of law, morality, morality and the state are added to the sphere of objective spirit. It is to be distinguished from the individually varying sphere of the subjective spirit on the one hand and the ahistorical sphere of the absolute spirit, which Hegel subdivided into art, religion and philosophy.

Further use

Hegel's doctrine of the objective spirit was criticized by Karl Marx . In his criticism of ideology, the latter attempted to “strip the political institutions of their objective spiritual character”.

The doctrine of the objective spirit was taken up again in the cultural philosophy and psychology of the 19th and 20th centuries, which were shaped by historicism . This was primarily from Wilhelm Dilthey and subsequently from Georg Simmel and Hans Freyer, among others . The sphere of the absolute spirit (in the sense of Hegel) was now also added to the realm of the objective spirit or simply the spirit.

For Simmel, objective spirit was "the totality of those structures (art, custom, science, purpose-shaped objects, religion, law, technology, social norms) which are intellectual, historical and supra-individual products and for the purpose of the individual becoming a person [...] consist".

In a critical examination of Hegel, Nicolai Hartmann developed an independent doctrine of the objective spirit. He distinguished a personal mind, an objective mind and an objectified mind. According to him, objective spirit is “the individual common spirit”, which can be grasped in the historical forms of objective and absolute spirit in the Hegelian sense, but is mediated by the individual spirits that interact with it. Against Hegel emphasized that the objective spirit indeed changeable and thus active, but not a substance or a person is and not a priori is infallible expression of freedom of the mind, but to err can and is therefore not preceded by the personal spirit. Hartmann opposed the objective spirit with the objectified spirit , which has become an inanimate objectivity , especially in forms of literature or art.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Related to Hegel: Siegfried Blasche: Geist, objective. In: Mittelstraß (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia Philosophy and Philosophy of Science. 2008.
  2. ↑ a b c Siegfried Blasche: Spirit, more objective. In: Mittelstraß (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia Philosophy and Philosophy of Science. 2008.
  3. ↑ Siegfried Blasche: Spirit, more objective. In: Mittelstraß (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia Philosophy and Philosophy of Science. 2008. According to Friedrich Kirchner , Carl Michaëlis (founder): Dictionary of philosophical terms (= Philosophical Library. Vol. 500). Continued by Johannes Hoffmeister . Completely re-edited by Arnim Regenbogen and Uwe Meyer. Meiner, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-7873-1325-7 .
  4. ↑ See Siegfried Blasche: Spirit, objective. In: Mittelstraß (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia Philosophy and Philosophy of Science. 2008.