Object level

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C. G. Jung referred to a process as interpretation at the object level or, for short, as object-level interpretation , which relates fantasies or dreams to real people or relationships. In doing so, he wanted to contrast the final conception of symbol interpretation at the subject level, which he himself defended, with the causal view primarily used by Freud and psychoanalysis . This objective view seemed to him to apply more to physiological facts, such as sexual processes and the dream wishes that may be connected with them.

Analytical and synthetic perspective

As an analytical or causal-reductive interpretation, Jung describes an interpretation in which the dream expressions can be set to be identical to real objects. On the other hand, there is the synthetic interpretation, or what Jung calls constructive, on the subject level , which ascribes every dream piece to the dreamer not as a real external reality, but as a separate internal reality or as a subjective content. With preferred acceptance of the interpretation at the object level, the separation of object (real fellow human beings) and image has not yet been completed. Jung is of the opinion that characters are to be found here who are dominated by active action, otherwise - in the case of preferential assumption of interpretations on the subject level - the tendency to suffer. The reductionist method of psychoanalysis , like the ontogenetic approach, is retrospective; the synthetic method is prospective.

reception

Eugen Drewermann (* 1940) contrasted the objective interpretation method with the subjective and came to the conclusion that, through Freud's objective interpretation method , the unconscious appeared as a product of repression or the censorship of the super-ego , for example in the symbolic interpretation of dreams. The symbolic language of the unconscious is thus limited to an analytically resolving function in contrast to the view emphasized by Freud, according to which the symbolic language represents a “general possession of humanity”, cf. a. Cape. Analytical and synthetic perspective . This is in contrast to Freud's reductionist view as expressed in the objectal method of interpretation. It is true that the objective interpretation has proven itself in the resolution of the neurotic symbol language (neurotic symptoms) in an analytical-destructive respect. However, it cannot be fully applied to phenomena of mythology and religion . The psychoanalytic method does not do justice to this topic. The Freudian criticism of religion approaches the Marxist view as a sign of an alienated consciousness and, according to this method, only represents a new symptom of an inherently contradicting social structure, cf. a. Social psychology . From C. G. Jung's point of view, the objective and subjective procedures do not contradict each other, they complement each other and provide information on various questions. The objective interpretation method has proven itself in the first half of life, the subjective in the second.

According to Jolande Jacobi (1890–1973), the two methods of interpretation differ in that the subjective interpretation is based on a totality of the psyche. This principle corresponds u. a. also the psychological technique of amplification in dream interpretation . The inner images require symbolic interpretation and completion. The unconscious does not only play the role of a system to catch the repressed contents of the consciousness. It also represents an instance for creative qualities. While the objective method examines the question of where the unconscious materials come from, the subjective method gives indications of the direction of the goal and thus represents teleological aspects. Well-known representatives of individual psychology have joined this subjective view .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl Gustav Jung : Psychological types . Collected Works. Paperback, special edition, volume 6. Walter-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1995, ISBN 3-530-40081-5 , p. 485, § 778.
  2. ^ A b Carl Gustav Jung : Two writings on analytical psychology . Collected Works. Paperback, special edition, volume 7. Walter-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1995, ISBN 3-530-40082-3 ; (a) p. 92, § 130 - on stw. “Definition of both methods”; (b) p. 282 f., § 452 - to stw. "Characters of the collective psyche "
  3. ↑ Immanuel Kant : Critique of Pure Reason. Edited by Wilhelm Weischedel. 1st edition. Suhrkamp stw, Frankfurt / M. 1995, ISBN 3-518-09327-4 , Volume 1; text and pages identical to Volume III of the work edition; B 10 - to chap. On the difference between analytical and synthetic judgments
  4. ↑ a b Jolande Jacobi : The psychology of CG Jung . An introduction to the complete works. With a foreword by CG Jung. Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt March 1987, ISBN 3-596-26365-4 ; (a) P. 72 - on tax .: "Reduction" and P. 42, 51 - on tax. "Ontogenesis"; (b) pp. 70 f., 103 - on stw. "Reduction".
  5. ↑ Eugen Drewermann : Depth Psychology and Exegesis 1 . The truth of forms. Dream, myth, fairy tale, saga and legend. dtv non-fiction book 30376, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-423-30376-X , © Walter-Verlag, Olten 1984, ISBN 3-530-16852-1 ; Pp. 156 ff., 200 f., 211 f., 214
  6. ↑ Eugen Drewermann : Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let your hair down. Grimm's fairy tales interpreted in terms of depth psychology. dtv Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-423-35056-3 , p. 8