Olga Feodorovna Bergholz

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Olga Bergholz, 1930

Olga Bergholz ( Russian Ольга Фёдоровна Берггольц * 3 . Jul / 16th May  1910 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 13. November 1975 in Leningrad ) was a Russian writer .

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Olga Bergholz was the daughter of a doctor of German descent. In 1926 she married the poet Boris Kornilow (1907–1938) and had a daughter with him. After the completion of the philology student at the Leningrad University , she worked in 1930 as a correspondent in Kazakhstan , later in her hometown.

Her first books Kak Wanja possorilsja s baranami (How Wanja quarreled with the mutton) from 1929 and Uglich from 1932 were mainly aimed at children and young people. At the beginning of the 1930s, sketches and stories about the socialist structure followed: Gody schturma , 1932 (years of the storm), and ( Notsch w Nowom mire ), 1935 (one night in Nowy mir).

Olga Bergholz became known through her volumes of poetry. She was arrested and expelled from the party during the Great Terror , but was released in 1939 and rehabilitated in 1940. Like her contemporary Margarita Aliger , she was in besieged Leningrad during the Second World War , where she actively participated in the defense of the city and was also written in 1942 in her poems Fevralsky dnewnik (February diary ) from 1942 and Leningradskaja poema (Leningrad poem) , represents the cohesion of fellow sufferers living and fighting under difficult conditions with the soldiers at the front.

Neither bombing nor artillery shelling stopped her from broadcasting her voice over the radio during the 900-day encirclement of the city. Their role was to encourage the survivors and give strength. These speeches, which have flowed into many of her poems, were combined into a volume in 1946, Goworit Leningrad (Here speaks Leningrad). The book was banned in the USSR in the early 1950s. Many specimens were confiscated and destroyed during a large cleanup operation by the Glawlit censorship agency in Leningrad.

For the verse epic Pervorossiysk ( Первороссийск ), in which she described the structure of a Soviet commune in the Altai , she received the Stalin Prize, 3rd class , in 1951 . After the tragedy in verse Vernost (Loyalty) of 1954, which is dedicated to the defense of Sevastopol , Olga Bergholz published her lyrical diary Dnewnyje swjosdy in 1959 (published in German under the title Tagessterne ). The second part of the diary could not appear during her lifetime; it was confiscated from the estate after the poet's death and excerpts appeared in 1990.

In the last years of his life, Bergholz wrote, among other things, diaries that were only published posthumously (in 1980 in Israel and 1989 in the Soviet Union as part of a work edition). Olga Bergholz was buried in the Wolkowo Cemetery in her hometown.

The asteroid (3093) Bergholz was named after her.

Literary works

In German translation

  • Tagessterne , Publishing House Culture and Progress 1963

Other expenses (selection)

  • Vernost: stichi i poemy . Leningrad: Sovetskij pisatelʹ, 1970
  • Pamjat: kniga stichov . Moscow: Sovremennik, 1972
  • Poėmy . Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1974
  • Sobranie sočinenij v trëch tomach . Leningrad: Izdat. Chudožestvennaja Literatura, 1989
  • Dnevnye zvëzdy . Moscow: Izdat. Pravda, 1990
  • Prošlogo - net !: Stichi, poėmy, iz rabočich tetradej . Moscow: Russkaya Kniga, 1999
  • Leningradskaya Poema . Chudožestvennaja Literatura, Leningrad, 1976

aftermath

In 1966, based on the memories of Olga Bergholz, the film of the same name was shot Dnewnyje swjosdy , directed by Igor Talankin .

In 2020 Deutschlandfunk produced a 55-minute biographical radio feature about her by Anouschka Trocker and Marie Chartron.

Web links

Commons : Olga Bergholz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Блюм, Арлен Викторович . Блокадная тема в цензурной блокаде // Нева: журнал. - СПб .: 2004. - № 1. - pp. 238–245.
  2. ^ Klaus Cities (Ed.): Russian Literature History Stuttgart / Weimar: Metzler 2002, p. 373 ISBN 3-476-01540-8 .
  3. Olga Fjodorovna Bergholz in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (English).
  4. With everything that is alive in you ... The diaries of Olga Bergholz , Dlf, published and accessed May 8, 2020