Olive snails
Olive snails | ||||||||||||
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Black olive snail ( Oliva vidua ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Olividae | ||||||||||||
Latreille , 1825 |
The olive snails (Olividae) are a species-rich family of exclusively marine, predatory snails . They live mainly in the warmer seas. The oldest representatives of this family are documented for the Upper Cretaceous .
features
The shells of the olive snails are, as the name implies, olive-shaped to rounded and highly conical. The surface is slightly ornamented, usually shiny like porcelain and often provided with a color pattern. The adult size of the housing is around 0.7 to 12 cm. The foot is usually very large, the propodium is pulled out in two lobes, two more lobes are attached to the side of the foot. With the propodial and lateral lobes of the foot, the animal can almost completely envelop itself and move quickly in the loose sediment or just below the sediment surface. The rasp tongue is relatively short with three elements per transverse row. The animals are of separate sex. The egg capsules are attached to the hard substrate or simply placed on the soft substrate. They contain around 150 to 200 eggs. The ontogenetic development can take place via a plankton-eating Veliger larva, but it can also be direct, i.e. H. The finished young animal hatches directly from the egg white-rich egg capsule.
Way of life
The olive snails can be found in all of today's seas. However, the focus of the distribution with the greatest diversity is clearly in the warmer seas. Almost without exception, they are soft-bottomed inhabitants (primarily sandy soils). Here they mostly live in the sediment, which they can literally plow through with the help of their large foot. The Sipho is held over the sediment surface to breathe and also allows prey to be localized. All olive snails are predators. Sometimes attack very large prey. The prey consists primarily of bristle worms and other molluscs , which are overwhelmed with the help of the large foot. The muscular foot with the large propodium allows some species to jump up from the sediment surface and swim a short distance. The great majority of the species live in shallower water. A few species have also migrated into the deep sea, where they have been found up to 4400 m.
Systematics
According to Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the family is divided into three subfamilies:
- Olivinae Latreille, 1825
- Ancillariinae Swainson, 1840
- † Vanpalmeriinae Adegoke, 1977
Some authors also have a subfamily Agaroninae Olsson, eliminated in 1956, which Bouchet & Rocroi list as a synonym of the subfamily Olivinae. The subfamilies dwarf olive snails (Olivellinae) and mock olive snails (Pseudolivinae), which were placed in the Olividae family in older publications, are now run as separate families. The family Olividae is still counted by Ponder & Lindberg (1997) to the superfamily Muricoidea. Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) already run them as their own superfamily with the families Olividae and Olivellidae Troschel, 1869. The pseudolividae, on the other hand, together with the Ptychatractidae form the superfamily Pseudolivoidea .
literature
- Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN 0076-2997
- Victor Millard: Classification of the Mollusca. A Classification of World Wide Mollusca. Rhine Road, South Africa 1997, ISBN 0-620-21261-6
- Frank Riedel: Origin and evolution of the "higher" Caenogastropoda . Berliner Geoscientific Abhandlungen, Series E, Volume 32, Berlin 2000, 240 pages, ISBN 3-89582-077-6 .
- Bernard Tursch, Dietmar Greifeneder: Oliva shells - the genus Oliva and the species problem . L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona 2001. 570 pages. Yuri Kantor, Bernard Tursch: chap. 7. The Oliva animal . Yuri Kantor, Bernard Tursch: chap. 11.7. Feeding .
Web links
- Fischhaus Zepkow: Olividae family - olive snails
- Olividae . From: JM Poutiers: Gastropods . In: Kent E. Carpenter, Volker H. Niem (eds.): FAO Species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1: Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 1998, p. 607 ff.
- Washington State University Tri-Cities, Natural History Museum: Family Olividae (Olive Shells)
- Olividae in Hardy's Internet Guide to Marine Gastropods
- Olividae on ITIS
- Olividae on the Animal Diversity Web
- Olividae on the website of the Information Center Chemistry Biology Pharmacy ETH Zurich