Omaha classification
The Omaha classification system (English: The Omaha System ) is a classification system for health care and nursing that has been recognized by the American Nurses Association (ANA) since 1992 and developed in the early 1970s and 1980s on the initiative of the Visiting Nurse Association (VNA) . Since then, the validity and reliability of the system has been examined and confirmed several times in various studies. The system is used to record and assess individual care problems as part of the care process .
Structure of the system
After evaluation, the three components of the Omaha system provide a meaningful picture of the person in need of care and, as they are based on the care process, they can document , support and promote the care quality and individual care .
Problem classification scheme
Areas
The problem classification scheme ( Problem Classification Scheme ) serves the patient to describe the needs and resources and consists of four areas ( domains ), and it contained 42 concepts ( Concepts ). The domains are based on the so-called metaparadigm of care , which describes the paradigms of people, the environment, care and health / illness and is defined by the areas:
- Environment ( Environmental Domain ): The environment describes the material and physical framework, the personal environment, the living situation and society. Examples of this are income, apartment, neighborhood, job security and hygienic conditions in the environment.
- Psychosocial Domain ( Psychological Domain ): This area describes the behavior patterns, emotions, communication behavior, relationship patterns and the development of the individual. These include, for example, social contact, spirituality, sexuality, understanding of roles, mental health and the state of development.
- Physiological Domain : Life-sustaining functions and processes are covered by this area. For example, the senses, pain, state of consciousness, circulatory situation, digestion and reproduction belong in this area.
- Health-related behavior ( Health Related Behaviors domain ): The area describes the behavior patterns that serve to maintain the health and well-being and to promote and to avoid adverse health effects. Examples of this are diet, the sleep-wake rhythm, personal hygiene, family planning and the use of medication.
Modifiers
Every nursing problem is further broken down by two modifiers and thus described in more detail. Each modifier can take one of three different forms. The first modifier describes the individuality (Individual), the family (Family) and the society (Community), the second modifier describes the current situation (Actual), the potentials (Potential) and health promotion (Health Promotion).
Signals and symptoms
From a defined list of signs and symptoms, the nurse can select those that describe the nursing problem most specifically.
Intervention scheme
Categories
The Intervention Scheme comprises the presentation of the interventions by the caregiver and is divided into 4 categories.
- Information, advice and support ( teaching, guidance and counseling ): This category includes all actions that guide the person being cared for to self-care, both by passing on information and by supporting the individual and his social environment in making decisions and solving problems.
- Treatment and nursing measures ( Treatments and Procedures ): This category includes all nursing measures that serve to maintain health, prevent or alleviate symptoms. This includes, for example, wound care and monitoring drug intake.
- Case management ( case management ): Herein summarizes the actions that improve communication between healthcare providers and individual or make possible and allows adequate access to appropriate resources to the Manicured.
- Surveillance : In addition to classic patient observation, this category includes all areas that serve to observe, monitor and evaluate a certain condition of the individual and his environment.
aims
To describe the nursing objective of bringing has 75 goals (defined targets ) are available to characterize the point of care measures. This includes, for example, anatomy, bladder control, communication, discipline, housekeeping, sleep, dietary measures, coping strategies , physiotherapy, family planning, dental hygiene, skin care, prevention and mobility.
Client-specific information
On the third level of the intervention scheme, the caregiver records individual and specific information for the person in need of care ( client-specific information ).
Expected Nursing Problems Scale
With a scale for expected nursing problems ( Problem Rating Scale of Outcome ), the expected results are rated in a scaling process based on a five-point Likert scale for the three concepts of knowledge, behavior and status. The results serve as guidance and support for the nursing staff to organize the planned care and to document the success of the selected measures and to validate them during the nursing process.
| concept | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | No knowledge | Minimal knowledge | Basic knowledge | Adequate knowledge | Extensive knowledge |
| behavior | Not appropriate | Partly appropriate | Often appropriate | Mostly appropriate | Always appropriate |
| Status | Extreme symptoms | Pronounced symptoms | Clear symptoms | Minimal symptoms | No symptoms |
literature
- Karen S. Martin: The Omaha System: A Key to Practice, Documentation, and Information Management , Elsevier, 2005, ISBN 0-7216-0130-8
- Mi Ja Kim, Gertrude K. McFarland, Audrey M. McLane, Jürgen Georg, Detlef Kraut: Nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions , Elsevier, Urban & FischerVerlag, 1999, ISBN 3-86126-562-1
- Karen S. Martin, Nancy J. Scheet, Visiting Nurse Association of Omaha (Eds.): The Omaha System: Applications for Community Health Nursing , Saunders, 1992, ISBN 0-7216-6126-2