Coping strategy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The terms coping strategy , coping strategy or coping (from English to cope with , “to be able to overcome”) describe the way of dealing with a life event or phase in life that is perceived as significant and difficult.

description

The Social Work uses coping strategies and developed them away by techniques and systemic approaches. Attempts to cope with stress can result in personal learning processes that build up new skills and thus represent development steps and personal resources for future life . Uwe Schaarschmidt speaks of coping patterns in connection with dealing with professional burnout among teachers (coping patterns in the teaching profession; p. 378f).

In the medical sense, coping describes the coping behavior of people with chronic illnesses and disabilities .

Coping strategies are also the phases of mourning postulated by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and others .

A distinction can be made between adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies (also known as functional or dysfunctional coping strategies). Adaptive coping strategies contribute to a long-term and sustainable solution to a problem, while maladaptive coping strategies focus on the character of distraction. An important theory on coping or stress management was described by Richard Lazarus through the Lazarus stress model .

A psychological test to measure stress management (COPE) was developed by Charles S. Carver in 1989. It covers 14 different coping strategies and is very often used to research the causes of stress and how to cope with it.

practice

  • Pedagogy : The aim when confronting the individual with coping tasks is to develop a special (specific) ability to better cope with difficult future situations. Teachers also associate coping with the expectation of a learning effect: In the future, difficult situations should be dealt with better than before. In the long run, a specific competence (dealing with difficult situations ) should develop in this sense.
  • In addition, in pedagogy (e.g. college in North Rhine-Westphalia; teacher training) it is associated with the expectation that a developmental task appropriate to age ( Robert J. Havighurst ) will be solved. The acquisition of appropriate skills then enables the next development task to be mastered. The course of an apprenticeship is also linked to the mastering of various development tasks that have to be processed and mastered one after the other - the last development task would be professionalization, which extends into the last phase of the training ( Andreas Gruschka ).
  • Psychotherapy : The patient / client is enabled to deal with difficult situations in the future that are important for their further development. If his problem was previously that the patient was not able to do this, in the future he should be able to work and solve (difficult) problems to his own satisfaction and independently (i.e. on his own) with profit. Stress management can be mentioned here as an example .

What is important is the method used to confront the individual with tasks / difficult situations. Both in pedagogy and in therapy there could be a risk of excessive demands on the individual, This could lead to relapse rather than progress in learning.

See also

literature

  • Andreas Krapp, Bernd Weidenmann (ed.): Educational psychology: a textbook . 5th edition, Beltz, PVU, Weinheim 2006, p. 370ff, ISBN 978-3-621-27564-4 .
  • August Flammer: Experience of one's own effectiveness: Introduction to the psychology of control opinion . Huber, Bern / Stuttgart / Toronto 1990, ISBN 3-456-81942-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ (Faltermaier / Mayring / Saup / Strehmel: Developmental Psychology of Adulthood. 3rd Edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2014, p. 98)
  2. ↑ (in Detlef H. Rost : Handwortbuch Pädagogische Psychologie, Beltz PVU, 2001; p. 373 ff)
  3. ↑ Coping in the PflegeWiki
  4. ^ Carver, CS, Scheier, MF, & Weintraub, JK (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personalityand Social Psychology, 56, 267-283.
  5. ^ Letter COPE , English original items from COPE
  6. ↑ michael gutmann - managing stress. In: michael-gutmann.com. Retrieved November 9, 2017 .