Dwarf six-eye spiders
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Dwarf six-eye spiders | ||||||||||||
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Tapinesthis inermis , female |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Oonopidae | ||||||||||||
Simon , 1890 |
The dwarf six-eye spiders (Oonopidae) are a family of real spiders and comprise 113 genera with 1628 species . (As of July 2016)
distribution
The smallest representative is Orchestina saltitans , which is only 1 to 1.5 mm in size. It has spread far to the northeast in the United States, where it sometimes dangles from lampshades as a pet, can be found in the bathroom closet, or runs across the desk. Orchestina moaba and other species, such as some of the genera Oonops , Opopaea , Scaphiella or Triaeris, are found in the southwest of the USA. The bright orange animals come to the fore when you examine the detritus on the floor.
Features and way of life
Little is known about the biology of these six-eyed, 1 to 4 mm small haplogynous , ecribellate spiders . Their main area of distribution is in the tropics. The species live in the litter of fallen leaves or under stones, where they feed on tiny animals that larger spiders are already ignoring. Many are bright orange and have hard plates on their abdomen; others are pale whitish or yellowish with softer abdomen.
Reproduction
Their reproductive strategy is different from that of other families. While many true spiders are R-strategists and produce many eggs, the Oonopidae only lay a few eggs in an egg sac. The European species Onoops pulcher lays only two eggs in a cocoon.
Systematics
The World Spider Catalog currently lists 113 genera and 1628 species for the dwarf six-eye spiders. (As of July 2016)
- Anophthalmoonops Benoit , 1976
- Antoonops Fannes & Jocqué , 2008
- Aposphragisma Thoma , 2014
- Aprusia Simon , 1893
- Aschnaoonops Makhan & Ezzatpanah , 2011
- Australoonops Hewitt , 1915
- Bannana Tong & Li , 2015
- Bidysderina Platnick, Dupérré, Berniker & Bonaldo , 2013
- Bipoonops Bolzern , 2014
- Birabenella Grismado , 2010
- Blanioonops Simon & Fage , 1922
- Brignolia Dumitrescu & Georgescu , 1983
- Caecoonops Benoit , 1964
- Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco , 1934
- Cavisternum Baehr, Harvey & Smith , 2010
- Cortestina Knoflach , 2009
- Costarina Platnick & Dupérré , 2011
- Cousinea Saaristo , 2001
- Coxapopha Platnick , 2000
- Dalmasula Platnick, Szüts & Ubick , 2012
- Diblemma O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1908
- Dysderina Simon , 1891
- Dysderoides Fage , 1946
- Emboonops Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker , 2015
- Escaphiella Platnick & Dupérré , 2009
- Farqua Saaristo , 2001
- Gamasomorpha Karsch , 1881
- Gradunguloonops Grismado, Izquierdo, González & Ramírez , 2015
- Grymeus Harvey , 1987
- Guaraguaoonops Brescovit, Rheims & Bonaldo , 2012
- Guatemoonops Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker , 2015
- Heteroonops Dalmas , 1916
- Hexapopha Platnick, Berniker & Víquez , 2014
- Himalayana Grismado , 2014
- Hortoonops Platnick & Dupérré , 2012
- Hypnoonops Benoit , 1977
- Hytanis Simon , 1893
- Ischnothyreus Simon , 1893
- Kapitia Forster , 1956
- Khamiscar Platnick & Berniker , 2015
- Khamisia Saaristo & van Harten , 2006
- Khamisina Platnick & Berniker , 2015
- Khamisoides Platnick & Berniker , 2015
- Kijabe Berland , 1914
- Lionneta Benoit , 1979
- Longoonops Platnick & Dupérré , 2010
- Lucetia Dumitrescu & Georgescu , 1983
- Malagiella Ubick & Griswold , 2011
- Megabulbus Saaristo , 2007
- Megaoonops Saaristo , 2007
- Melchisedec Fannes , 2010
- Molotra Ubick & Griswold , 2011
- Neotrops Grismado & Ramírez , 2013
- Neoxyphinus Birabén , 1953
- Nephrochirus Simon , 1910
- Niarchos Platnick & Dupérré , 2010
- Noideattella Álvarez-Padilla, Ubick & Griswold , 2012
- Noonops Platnick & Berniker , 2013
- Oonopinus Simon , 1893
- Oonopoides Bryant , 1940
- Oonops Templeton , 1835
- Opopaea Simon , 1891
- Orchestina Simon , 1882
- Ovobulbus Saaristo , 2007
- Paradysderina Platnick & Dupérré , 2011
- Patri Saaristo , 2001
- Pelicinus Simon , 1891
- Pescennina Simon , 1903
- Plectoptilus Simon , 1905
- Ponsoonops Bolzern , 2014
- Predatoroonops Brescovit, Rheims & Ott , 2012
- Prethopalpus Baehr, Harvey, Burger & Thoma , 2012
- Prida Saaristo , 2001
- Prodysderina Platnick, Dupérré, Berniker & Bonaldo , 2013
- Pseudodysderina Platnick, Berniker & Bonaldo , 2013
- Pseudoscaphiella Simon , 1907
- Puan Izquierdo , 2012
- Reductoonops Platnick & Berniker , 2014
- Scaphidysderina Platnick & Dupérré , 2011
- Scaphiella Simon , 1891
- Scaphioides Bryant , 1942
- Scaphios Platnick & Dupérré , 2010
- Semibulbus Saaristo , 2007
- Semidysderina Platnick & Dupérré , 2011
- Setayeshoonops Makhan & Ezzatpanah , 2011
- Sicariomorpha Ott & Harvey , 2015
- Silhouettella Benoit , 1979
- Simlops Bonaldo, Ott & Ruiz , 2014
- Simonoonops Harvey , 2002
- Socotroonops Saaristo & van Harten , 2002
- Spinestis Saaristo & Marusik , 2009
- Stenoonops Simon , 1891
- Sulsula Simon , 1882
- Tapinesthis Simon , 1914
- Telchius Simon , 1893
- Termitoonops Benoit , 1964
- Tinadysderina Platnick, Berniker & Bonaldo , 2013
- Tolegnaro Álvarez-Padilla, Ubick & Griswold , 2012
- Toloonops Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker , 2015
- Triaeris Simon , 1891
- Tridysderina Platnick, Berniker & Bonaldo , 2013
- Trilacuna Tong & Li , 2007
- Unicorn Platnick & Brescovit , 1995
- Varioonops Bolzern & Platnick , 2013
- Vientianea Tong & Li , 2013
- Volborattella Saucedo & Ubick , 2015
- Wanops Chamberlin & Ivie , 1938
- Xestaspis Simon , 1884
- Xiombarg Brignoli , 1979
- Xyccarph Brignoli , 1978
- Xyphinus Simon , 1893
- Yumates Chamberlin , 1924
- Zyngoonops Benoit , 1977
Web links
Oonopidae in the World Spider Catalog
literature
- Gertsch, Willis J. 1979: American Spiders, 2nd edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. ISBN 0-442-22649-7
- Hänggi, Ambros; Stöckli, Edi; Nentwig, Wolfgang, 1995. Habitat of Central European Spiders. Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae - Center suisse de cartographie de la faune, Neuchatel. ISBN 2-88414-008-5
- Heimer, Stefan and Nentwig, Wolfgang; 1991: Spinning Central Europe. Publisher Paul Parey Berlin. ISBN 3-489-53534-0
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.5 - Oonopidae . Retrieved July 29, 2016.