Option tone
When added tone chord or option in the will Jazzharmonik a secondary audio for consideration chord designated. These tones can - for example, when improvising or when accompanying a soloist with a harmony instrument ( piano , guitar , etc.) - can be played optionally or omitted because they are important for the sound but not for the function of the chord. Since, in contrast to classical harmony theory, one assumes four instead of three chord tones in jazz harmony, the seventh of a chord generally does not count as an option tone. The options for a jazz chord are therefore the ninth , the undecimal and the tredezime (when choosing the pitches, a layering of thirds is assumed : root (1), third (3), fifth (5), seventh (7), ninth (9), Undezime (11), Tredezime (13)).
For example, for a dominant seventh chord on the root G, the chord tones are B (third), d (fifth) and f (seventh). The optional tones above are a (none), c 1 (undecimal) and e 1 (treadmill); the same is true for minor seventh chords. However, the undecimal in a major chord results in a very strong tension with its third. Therefore, this option is very rarely played (except as a continuity tone ).
Each optional tone can also be altered depending on the harmonic context . H. can be changed chromatically . The excessive eleventh ♯ 11 (= ♯ 4 / ♭ 5) can therefore be considered as a 5 Alteration of Optionstons 11 or the Akkordtons. Taken together, option tones and altered option tones are referred to as tension in English .
The guitarist and author Mathias Löffler also counts the excessive decimal ♯ 11 among the option tones, even if it can also be viewed as an alteration of the option tone 11 or the chord tone 5. As a reason indicates Löffler that ♯ 11 most sought within the dominant seventh to fifth, but not the dominant even pushing for a resolution. He differentiates between the option tones (9, 11, ♯ 11, 13) and their alterations ( ♭ 9, ♯ 9 and ♭ 13), which he then calls together as tensions.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Mathias Löffler: Rock & Jazz Harmony . AMA, Brühl 2018, ISBN 978-3-89922-239-5 , pp. 166-185.