Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly

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The Old Mosque Ufa was built in 1830 by the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly.

The Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly ( Russian Оренбургское магометанское духовное собрание, Orenburgskoje magometanskoje duchovnoje sobranije in short OMGV ) was the first official organization of Muslims in Russia , which in 1788 by decree of Catherine II. Was established. This also established the office of the head of Russian Muslims. This office of the mufti was based in Ufa .

function

The Spiritual Assembly was responsible for examining applicants for spiritual office for knowledge of the canons of Islam , monitoring the actions of Muslim clergy, building and repairing mosques, marriages , property disputes, awqaf , cases of disobedience by children to their parents, correct execution of Muslim rituals and keeping of birth records (with 1828) by the clergy.

The OMGV was established with the aim of state control over the Muslim clergy, whose staff was fully appointed by the state, and for the continued use of official Islamic institutions in the conduct of Russian politics among the Muslim population both inside and outside the Russian Empire.

In 1817, Alexander I signed a decree on the formation of the Ministry of Spiritual Affairs, stating that the Mufti should be elected by Muslim society. This provision was included in the charter of the Department of Spiritual Affairs of Foreign Denominations, adopted in 1836. In reality, however, the muftis were appointed by the emperor at the suggestion of the interior minister. It was not until September 1889 that the State Council made the appropriate changes to the legislation, and customary practice became law.

The qadis from the OMGV were from the Muslim clergy of the Kazan province elected and appointed by the Interior Ministry on the proposal of Mufti of the 1889th

The OMGV was the highest instance of the clerical court with administrative (appointment of a clergyman for the process) and control functions (reversing the clergyman's decision and issuing a final decision). It was guided by a kind of synthesis of Sharia norms and all-Russian legislation. The issuance of fatwas by the mufti and qadis was controlled by the provincial administration and the interior ministry. Under pressure from the authorities, OMGV passed resolutions prohibiting the application of Sharia provisions that contradicted the laws of the Russian Empire.

history

The OMGV had no clear structure and no branch offices. Middle-level body creation projects - provincial spiritual gatherings and muhtasibats - have been rejected by the authorities. In the 1860s, Shigabutdin Marjani's reform project to create local branches and a centralized system of Muslim education was rejected. In addition, at the beginning of the 20th century. There have been projects to close down OMGV and create several spiritual administrations in its place.

By 1889 the OMGV had 4,254 parishes, 3.4 million parishioners of both sexes, 65 Achunds, 2734 Chatibs, 2621 Mudarrise and Imams, 2783 Muezzins; by 1912 - 4.5 million parishioners of both sexes, 5771 parishes and 12,341 clergy.

OMGV's support for various government actions often led to the desire of the Tatar national elite to take control of OMGV, which intensified after the appointment of M. Bajasitov as Mufti in 1915, who was boycotted by the Tatar elite.

Immediately after the February 1917 Revolution, Ufa national leaders took control of the OMGV and removed the Mufti M. Bajasitov. A commission of 16 people was formed to manage the OMGV, chaired by Imam Chabibullah Akhtjamow.

structure

  • Muftiate: consisted of a mufti, 5-6 qadis, an executive secretary, a translator, clerks and clerks;
  • Mukhtasibat - from 2-5 people. led by Muhtasib (controller of the Muslim community);
  • Mutawalliat - from mullah , muezzin and treasurer in every mosque

Muftis, chairman of the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly

  • Muhammedschan Husainow - (22.09.1788 - 17.07.1824)
  • Gabdesalam Habdrachimow - (09/30/1825 - 01/31/1840)
  • Gabdulwachid Suleymanov - (06/10/1840 - 08/04/1862)
  • Salimgarej Tevkelew - (April 28, 1865 - January 2, 1885)
  • Muhammedjar Sultanov - (02.01.1886 - 13.06.1915)
  • Muhammad-Safa Bajasitow - (07/28/1915 - 03/22/1917)

literature