Oribe pottery
The Oribe ware ( Jap. 織部焼 , Oribe-yaki ) referred to in addition to the previously incurred Shino ware , the second major form of Mino ceramics , in the Gifu Prefecture (formerly Province Mino ) since the Azuchi-Momoyama period (since around 1605). The center of production is the city of Toki .
overview
The name is derived from tea ceramics, which goes back to the master of the tea ceremony Furuta Oribe (real name: Furuta Shigenari, 1544-1615), a student of Sen no Rikyū . In this style, strikingly colored glazes were applied to the earthenware vessels by Japanese potters for the first time . This eye-catching design stood in contrast to the wabi aesthetic in the tea ceremony up until then . It is believed that the Oribe pottery goes back to the Cochin pottery ( 交趾 燒 , Japanese Kōchi-yaki, Chinese Jiāozhǐ shāo) imported from southern China during the time of the Namban trade . The mass production of Oribe ceramics was initiated by Katō Kaganobu ( 加藤 景 延 ,? –1632), who also built a multi-chamber hanging oven with 14 chambers in Toki, based on the example of Korean potters in Karatsu on Kyūshū .
In modern times, tea bowls in the shape of shoes ( 沓 形 茶碗 , Kutsugata chawan ) signed by Furuta Oribe and, during excavations on Oribe's property in Kyoto, a large number of Oribe ceramics have been discovered, which prove Oribe's influence on the development of this ceramic.
Types of Oribe pottery
The clay for making the stoneware in the style of Oribe ceramics has a low iron content and is shaped with the hands on the potter's wheel , then decorated with often very bold brushstrokes and then provided with glaze. The shiny green copper glaze is created by oxidizing the components feldspar, Kuoper carbonate and rice straw ash at a temperature of 1200 ° C. If this temperature is not reached, the glaze will turn out brown or red. Some surfaces of Oribe ceramics are also kept white or provided with a transparent, clear glaze, the shino glaze .
- Green Oribe Ceramic ( 青 織 部 , ao oribe ) Ceramic with classic green glaze and underglaze painting
- Red oribe ceramics ( 鳴 海 織 部 , narumi oribe ) made of white and red or iron-containing clay and ceramic with a green glaze in places
- General, i.e. green oribe ceramics ( 総 織 部 , sō oribe ) uniformly green glazed ceramics
- Black oribe ceramic ( 織 部 黒 , oribeguro ) black glazed ceramic with unglazed areas that are decorated with paintings
- Shino oribe ceramics ( 志 野 織 部 , shino oribe ) originally the preliminary stage of Shino ceramics; today a ceramic that, unlike the old Shino ceramic, is fired in modern multi-chamber slope kilns
Oribe ceramics are characterized by their diverse shapes and variations in the design of the surfaces. Bowls and pots, tobacco pipes and candle holders are often produced, but bowls with handles and lids are also produced. The surface of the Oribe ceramic can be recognized by its greenish to bluish color and the decorations applied under glaze. These can be taken from nature (floral decoration) or show geometric patterns, for example from weaving technology, or a combination of both.
Web links
- Page about Japanese pottery (English)
literature
- The six old ovens . In: Gabriele Fahr-Becker (Ed.): East Asian Art . 2nd (reprint) edition. Tandem Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8331-6099-8 , pp. 594-598 .
- Anneliese and Wulf Crueger: Paths to Japanese Ceramics . 2nd Edition. Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, Tübingen, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-8030-3359-8 , pp. 184-194 .