Oruwa
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The Oruwa is a traditional, in principle deep -sea, dugout sailboat, which is mainly used on the west coast of Sri Lanka to catch fish and crab in the lagoons (e.g. in Negombo ), but also at sea. It is also widespread in Indonesia and India and in a similar form still sporadically on the coast of Madagascar . There are currently around 3,000 such boats. Oruwas are considered to be the fastest sailing boats in the world; their construction also influenced the design of modern outrigger canoes .
history
The oruwa was probably developed in the 8th century in the seafaring state of Srivijaya . The oldest representation can be found in the Buddhist temple of Borobudur on Java . Today's construction with side planks developed in the 18th or 19th century with the transition from lagoons to deep-sea fishing. Large boats with a load capacity of up to 50 tons were also used for coastal trading until the 1930s.
Construction of the fuselage
The hull, up to 13 meters long, is mostly made from jackfruit trees and other local materials. There are boats with one and two outriggers . If - as usually - there is only one boom, it is driven to windward and is only effective due to its weight (not due to buoyancy ). To increase the weight, the three to four-person crew can move on to the boom. A sword stabilizes the boat. At each end of the ship there is a rudder that is moved with the feet. When changing direction, one of the oars is pulled up. The side wall is raised by additional planks that are connected to the dugout canoe with coconut cord. The dugout canoe is increasingly being replaced by a plank construction.
Sails
The sail is square; it is attached at the upper ends to the two V-shaped mounted bamboo poles and looks like a spinnaker from a distance . According to local tradition, the rig is said to have its origin in the fishermen's habit of stretching their sarong between the oars in order to use the wind as a driving force.
Individual evidence
- ^ Deutsches Museum: Freshly sewn sailing boat planks February 27, 2014. Accessed August 12, 2014
Web links
literature
- Neil Hollander, Harald Mertes, as long as they are still sailing. Hamburg: Hoffmann and Campe 1983, p. 177 ff.
- Gerhard Kapitän: Records of native craft in Sri Lanka - I: The single outrigger fishing canoe oruwa. In: International Journal of Nautical Archeology (IJNA)
- Part 1: Sailing oru. In: IJNA, vol. 16, 1987, pp. 135-147. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-9270.1987.tb01254.x
- Part 1.2: Sailing oru. In: IJNA, Volume 16, 1987, pp. 283-292. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-9270.1987.tb00602.x
- Part 2.1: Rowed, paddled and poled oru. In: IJNA, Vol. 17, 1988, pp. 223-235. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-9270.1988.tb00650.x
- Part 2.2: Rowed, paddled and poled oru. In: IJNA, Vol. 18, 1989, pp. 137-149. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-9270.1989.tb00185.x
- Part 2.3: Rowed, paddled and poled oru. In: IJNA, Vol. 20, 1991, pp. 23-32. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-9270.1991.tb00292.x
