Otalgia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Classification according to ICD-10
H92.0 Otalgia
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)
Anatomy of the ear
1 - skull
2 - external auditory canal
3 - auricle
4 - eardrum
5 - fenestra ovalis
6 - hammer
7 - anvil
8 - stirrup
9 - labyrinth
10 - snail (cochlea)
11 - auditory nerve
12 - eustachian tube

As Otalgia ( ancient Greek οὖς OUS [ Gen. ὠτός Otos ] "ear" and ἄλγος algos "pain") is called in medicine earache different - and unknown - cause. Otalgia is the leading symptom of all inflammatory diseases of the middle ear and the outer ear. A distinction is made between primary and secondary otalgia. Earache is mediated by the tympanic plexus via the glossopharyngeal nerve . The vagus nerve is also involved near the eardrum.

Primary otalgia

Primary otalgias arise from diseases or injuries to the ear.

Otitis media

Under an otitis media refers to the middle ear, in turn, in the acute otitis media and chronic otitis media is divided.

Acute otitis media

Acute otitis media can be serous or purulent . It is a painful, usually by viral or bacterial infection caused inflammation of the mucous membranes of the middle ear .

Clinically, acute otitis media with special shapes is scarlet -Otitis, measles -Otitis and flu -Otitis of chronic otitis ( otitis media chronica ) distinguished.

Mastoiditis

Mastoiditis is a complication of acute otitis media that also causes otalgia. Mastoiditis is an acute inflammation in the mastoid process of the temporal bone with melting of the bone.

Gradenigo Syndrome

The Gradenigo syndrome (Syn. Lannois-Gradenigo syndrome , pyramidal tip syndrome , English Gradenigo's triad ) is the result of an infectious inflammation of the cells of the temporal pyramid ( petrositis ). The syndrome is a rare complication of acute otitis media.

Chronic purulent otitis media

External otitis

Otitis externa (Latin for "outer ear inflammation") is an inflammation of the outer ear , especially of the external auditory canal , in a broader sense also of the auricle. A cellulitis or eczema of the auditory canal of the ear canal ( otitis externa diffusa ) is Gehörgangsfurunkel ( otitis externa circumscripta ) compared. A particularly severe form of ear canal inflammation is otitis externa maligna (progressive necrotizing otitis).

Seromucotympanum

The seromucotympanum arises from an accumulation of non-purulent fluid of different viscosity in the middle ear spaces as a result of a tube dysfunction, for example when the tube is blocked by an adenoid .

Secondary otalgia

Secondary otalgia can be pain that is transmitted to the ear region via sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve, facial nerve , glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve and the second and third cervical roots (C2, C3 of the cervical spine ).

Perichondritis

Auricular perichondritis is an inflammation of the cartilage of the auricle that causes ear pain.

Trauma

Eardrum injury

Hard objects can cause direct injury (perforation) to the eardrum, which is associated with otalgia. The injury can result from a blow to the ear or an explosion, which indirectly tears the eardrum (rupture). An otitis media, barotrauma or a fractured skull can also injure the eardrum.

Base of skull fracture

A fracture of the base of the skull is caused by strong force in the head area and is a life-threatening injury. Otalgia can arise primarily from the otobasal (ear and skull base) or laterobasal fracture.

Peritonsillar abscess

A peritonsillar abscess is an abscess formation between the palatine tonsil and the pharyngeal constrictor muscle . It can occur as a complication of angina lacunaris . The patients speak lumpy and complain of a sharp earache.

Neuralgia

Herpes zoster oticus

Zoster oticus refers to an infection of the ear canal and / or the auricle by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), also known as human herpes virus-3 (HHV-3) ("shingles"), which causes otalgia.

Trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is an extremely painful irritation of the fifth cranial nerve , the trigeminal nerve , which supplies the face and head area with three branches, the eye branch, the maxillary branch and the mandibular branch, and can also trigger otalgia.

Neuralgia of the auriculotemporal nerve

Psychosomatic otalgia

After excluding somatic causes, psychogenic otalgia can form part of a depression and / or somatization disorder. In a study by Minnigerode, 17% of depressed patients complain of headache and earache with dizziness and tinnitus.

Tumors

Hypopharyngeal carcinoma

The symptoms of hypopharyngeal carcinoma are mostly uncharacteristic, for example unclear swallowing difficulties, globus syndrome , bad breath or a "scratchy throat". However, these symptoms can also have many other causes. Late symptoms include swallowing inability spitting of blood to the ears radiating pain and neck lymph node metastasis .

TMJ arthropathy

Craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) is an umbrella term for structural, functional, biochemical and psychological dysregulation of the muscle or joint function of the temporomandibular joints. These dysregulations can be painful. The diagnoses occlusopathy, myopathy and arthopathy result from this finding.

Web links

Wiktionary: Otalgie  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. H. Beck et al., AINS Schmerztherapie, Thieme Verlag; 1st, edition (2002) ISBN 3-13-114881-0 .
  2. a b Guideline No. 7, ear pain (PDF; 984 kB) of the German Society for General Medicine and Family Medicine
  3. ^ F. Ye, X. Li, Q. Lu: [Symptoms of depressive state in otolaryngology]. In: Zhonghua er bi yan hou ke za zhi. Volume 32, Number 2, April 1997, pp. 121-123, ISSN  0412-3948 . PMID 10743145 .
  4. Heidelberg University Hospital, Malignant diseases of the head and neck area