Otto Friedrich Kruse

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Otto Friedrich Kruse (born March 29, 1801 in Altona ; † March 11, 1880 there ) was a German teacher of the deaf and dumb.

Live and act

Otto Friedrich Kruse was a son of the Altona merchant Johann Wilhelm Kruse (baptized on July 18, 1755 in Altona; † October 8, 1813 there) and his wife Catharina Magdalene, née Jacobsen (* 1750 - November 6, 1827 in Altona), who was a daughter of Diderich Jacobsen from Altona. He attended school for a short time and, at the age of six, contracted scarlet fever with his siblings , from which a younger brother died. He himself became deaf and was increasingly unable to speak; Attempts at medical therapy ended as unsuccessful as his parents' search for local private tutors.

For this reason, his parents registered Kruse in the Kiel institution for the deaf and dumb run by Georg Wilhelm Pfingsten , who ran a small, family-run boarding school with around twenty students, at which he gradually learned to speak again. In 1810, Whitsun moved the headquarters of the school, whose number of students increased rapidly, to Schleswig , where Kruse did not receive sufficient funding.

The French period in Hamburg brought Kruse's parents into financial problems. They therefore brought him back to Altona in 1813 and let him teach privately. Three quarters of a year later he was given half a vacancy at the Schleswig-Holstein school for the deaf and mute, where he attended normal classes and read a lot. He received private tuition from Hans Hensen and gave lessons on his own.

Kruse was confirmed and then received a position as a deaf and dumb teacher in October 1817. The teachers' seminar in Kiel spoke out against regular training due to his deafness. Conflicts with colleagues about teaching methods led Kruse to quit his position in October 1825. He then lived with his mother in Altona, where he taught three deaf children. He wanted to set up his own school here, but gave up the project after Heinrich Wilhelm Buek had founded such an educational institution.

Kruse attended other German schools and unsuccessfully applied in several places. In January 1829 he got a job at the deaf and mute school in Bremen, where his employment relationship ended a little later due to illness. He recovered in Altona, where he again had private students and the newspaper “Altonaer Bote. Non-profit weekly paper for town and country ”published, which was printed twice a week.

In 1834 Kruse was given another apprenticeship at the Schleswig-Holstein school for the deaf and mute, where the teaching staff and the lessons had changed in the meantime. He taught here and was responsible for editing several publications on pedagogy for the deaf and dumb. The Danish government financed him visits to Danish, German, Swiss, Austrian, French and Belgian schools for the deaf and mute in 1852/53, about which he wrote a comprehensive report which was published in book form in 1853. Kruse took part in several educational journals while teaching.

Three years after retiring in April 1872, Kruse went back to Altona. Here he corresponded frequently and wrote an autobiography. In his elaborations, based on a basic Christian attitude, he presented his own ideas and methods for training the deaf and mute and emphasized the importance of written language.

Honors

Kruse received the Dannebrogs' Silver Cross in 1852 and the Great Golden Swedish Merit Medal in 1857. In 1872 he was awarded the 4th Class Red Eagle Order, and in the same year the Belgian Knight's Cross of the Order of Leopold. The Central Association for the Welfare of the People's Dumb made him an honorary member in 1873.

family

In 1839 Kruse married Marie Catharine Elise Cornils (born May 17, 1811 in Schleswig ), whose father Jann Cornils worked as a Grützmüller. The couple had a daughter and son Otto, who worked as a teacher for the deaf and dumb in Halle, Hamburg and Schleswig.

literature

  • Ortwin Pelc : Kruse, Otto Friedrich. In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , pages 271-273.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ortwin Pelc: Kruse, Otto Friedrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 271.
  2. ^ Ortwin Pelc: Kruse, Otto Friedrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 271.
  3. ^ Ortwin Pelc: Kruse, Otto Friedrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , pages 271-272.
  4. ^ Ortwin Pelc: Kruse, Otto Friedrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 272.
  5. ^ Ortwin Pelc: Kruse, Otto Friedrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 272.
  6. ^ Ortwin Pelc: Kruse, Otto Friedrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 272.
  7. ^ Ortwin Pelc: Kruse, Otto Friedrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 272.
personal data
SURNAME Kruse, Otto Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German deaf-mute teacher
DATE OF BIRTH March 29, 1801
PLACE OF BIRTH Altona
DATE OF DEATH March 11, 1880
Place of death Altona