Rumen-resistant protein
As rumen resistant protein sources of protein are referred to which the rumen happen without great loss. Sometimes the term UDP is used as a percentage of the protein that is not broken down in the rumen. Other common names are UDP for un-degradable protein or undegraded dietary protein , or flow -through protein .
Metabolic processes
Because of their digestive tract, ruminants are able to break down food carbohydrates and proteins with the help of microbial enzymes in the rumen and use the breakdown products efficiently for microbial protein synthesis. Rumen microorganisms use both the feed protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compounds, such as urea, contained or supplied in the feed, as a nitrogen source . NPN are converted in the rumen by the rumen flora to ammonia (NH 3 ). The amount of NPN that can be used efficiently is limited due to the mostly very rapid conversion to ammonia. The ammonia formation from z. B. Feed urea runs so quickly in the rumen that it can often not be fully used by the rumen microbes. As a result, the ammonia accumulates in the rumen and has to be transported through the rumen wall with the blood to the liver and detoxified there, which in the long term means a reduction in animal health due to liver and metabolic stress. Partly, nitrogen is given off in the form of milk urea and can therefore be measured.
Control options
In addition to the selection of raw materials, the treatment of protein carriers can lead to a change in the rate of breakdown in the rumen. In order to make the greatest possible amounts of the financially valuable feed protein usable for the cow, sources of protein are being discussed that pass through the rumen without major degradation, i.e. have a low ruminal degradability. The aim of using protected products is an optimal supply of the cow with amino acids for the maintenance of the body condition and milk production. In recent years, new SRU ( slow release urea ) products have been introduced into the market, from which the urea should be released evenly over several hours. Due to the continuous supply of rumen bacteria with nitrogen, the digestibility of the ration is mostly improved and the cows react with increased feed intake and increased milk yield. Muskator uses specially treated soy meal in some products. By adding a natural wood sugar solution to soy meal, the degradation rate is reduced to 30% (UDP = 70%). This process is protected by patent.
Another good but also very expensive component is yellow corn glue.
Effects of high use of UDP-rich feed
For a high performance of the cow, however, it is essential to ensure that the nitrogen supply of the rumen bacteria is ensured. Too high a proportion of "protected components" in milk performance feed and in the total ration can lead to a reduced activity of the rumen bacteria and suboptimal microbial protein synthesis, even if there is sufficient energy in the form of FOS due to the resulting N deficiency in the rumen Available. In extreme cases, the rumen bacteria can starve to death if only very little nitrogen is available. The cow's performance eventually collapses and the use of the expensive, protected components is counterproductive.
When putting together the total ration, it is essential to pay attention to:
- a sufficient supply of nitrogen to the rumen bacteria
- A sufficient energy supply for the rumen bacteria, starch at least 150 - 220 g / kg, sugar at least 40 - 100 g / kg
- with a sufficient supply of crude fiber and structure.
Effects of low use of UDP-rich feed
Rations with a low proportion of UDP (less than 25%) favor a negative RNB due to the ammonia inundation. The increased ammonia content leads to a decrease in insulin in the body. As a result, there is increased fat loss and an increased lipolysis rate. Ultimately, this results in a lack of energy.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ pvj.com (PDF; 1.8 MB).
- ↑ Deuka Nutrient Lexicon .
- ↑ BFL-Online ( Memento of the original from August 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Slowly available urea in rations from high-performing DLR West Palatinate (PDF; 55 kB).
- ↑ Angela Schröder: Nutrition and management of the dairy cow before calving ( Memento from November 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 298 kB), fertility seminar of the RSH eG, November 26, 2003.
