Pargana
The term Pargana from the Persian court and administrative language, which ultimately comes from a Sanskrit root (Skt. Pra-√gaṇ "to count, calculate", Hindi परगना parganā, Urdu پرگنہ) was used even before the Muslim conquest of the country, but above all in the time of the Sultanate of Delhi , in the Mughal Empire , under the Hindu Marathas and the Muslim Deccan principalities as well as in the early days of British colonial rule an administrative area that primarily served the purpose of tax collection. An average pargana comprised a contiguous area of 20-100 villages the size of a barony .
history
In the Mughal Empire, a pargana comprised several smaller administrative units ( mouzas or tarafs ). However, it was significantly smaller than a province ( subah ) or a district ( sarkār ) .
After the British retained the Pargana system in the early phase of their takeover of power in India, it was largely replaced by the Zamindar system in the course of their rule . In practice, however, the Pargana system lived on in various forms (e.g. in some princely states or in private correspondence).
After India's independence (1947), the word Pargana continued to exist in the names of the Bengali districts Uttar 24 Pargana and Dakshin 24 Pargana .
Web links
- Pargana, History - Info (Banglapedia, English)
proof
- ↑ Monier-Williams , Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899, ND 1976), p. 655
- ↑ Hobson-Jobson , p. 696; CC Davies in Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI), Vol. 8 (1993), col. 271-272
- ↑ Stewart Gordon: The Marathas 1600-1800 (1993), p. XIV
- ^ John T. Platts, A Dictionary of Urdu (5th ed. 1930, ND 1982), p. 252