Partido Sociedad Patriótica
The Partido Sociedad Patriótica 21 de Enero (in German Patriotic Society 21 January ; PSP ) is a political party founded in 2001 in Ecuador . It was created to support the presidential candidacy of the ex-military Lucio Gutiérrez for the presidential election in 2002, which he won. The name of the party alludes on the one hand to the Patriotic Societies during the independence movement in Latin America in the first third of the 19th century and on the other hand refers to January 21, 2000 , on which Lucio Gutiérrez led a coup that overthrew President Jamil Mahuad , but not ended with the permanent takeover of government by the putschists.
Since then, members of the party have mainly been political friends Gutiérrez from his time as a military man and a militant in the coup, as well as relatives and acquaintances of the party founder. Next to Lucio Gutiérrez and his brother Gilmar , the party leader, Colonel Fausto Cobo and the ex-police officer Napoleón Villa are the most famous figures. Gutiérrez's wife Ximena Bohórquez was also part of the leadership team until she was expelled from the party .
Presidential elections 2002 and Gutiérrez 'presidency
Gutiérrez was a colonel in the Ecuadorian army at the time of the coup . After the coup, which ended with the swearing-in of the previous Vice President Gustavo Noboa as the new head of state, Gutiérrez and his colleagues were imprisoned for a good four months before Noboa pardoned them, but Gutiérrez had to end his military career. Thereupon he decided to stand for himself in the following presidential elections and founded his own party, which put him up as a presidential candidate in an electoral alliance with the indigenous party Pachakutik , whose grassroots groups had supported the coup. With moderate social-populist rhetoric, Gutiérrez finally succeeded in beating the conservative-populist banana magnate Álvaro Noboa , who stood for his party PRIAN , which was also founded in the elections, in the second ballot on November 24, 2002 with 54.3% of the vote .
In the simultaneous parliamentary elections, however, the PSP only received 6 of the 100 seats in the National Congress , which became a problem above all after the Pachakutik switched to the side of the opposition because of Gutiérrez's insufficient social reform program. Gutiérrez was now forced to forge new alliances, in the course of which he made concessions on political and legal measures that ultimately led to his own overthrow on April 20, 2005 . His successor was in turn his vice-president, the non-party Alfredo Palacio .
2006 elections
Gutiérrez then went into exile in Brazil, the USA, Peru and Colombia, and finally returned to Ecuador on October 13, 2005. He was initially detained for mutiny, but released on March 3, 2006 after the charges were cracked. He originally planned to run again in the presidential elections in October 2006 , but this was not allowed because his right to vote was suspended and the Ecuadorian constitution also rules out the re-election of a president. His brother Gilmar Gutiérrez then took his place, surprisingly in third place in the first ballot with 17.5% of the vote, but not in the second ballot. He received high votes, especially in rural and remote areas. In all the provinces of the Amazon basin in which Lucio and Gilmar Gutiérrez grew up, he took first place, sometimes with more than 50% of the votes.
In the simultaneous parliamentary elections, the PSP surprisingly won 24 of the 100 seats and became the second strongest party after the PRIAN . Again, especially rural provinces and especially the Amazon region, where the PSP won 6 of the 10 mandates to be awarded, were strongholds of the party. In the new National Congress, the PSP caused a stir in the first week of its session when MPs Ximena Bohórquez (Gutiérrez's separated wife) and Irina Vargas were expelled from the parliamentary group and parliament on the grounds that they were publicly involved in the plan elected President Rafael Correa to convene a constituent assembly, and would have violated group discipline. This caused additional excitement when, less than a week later, the party leadership around Lucio Gutiérrez also spoke out in favor of the constituent assembly, without, however, withdrawing the withdrawals.
In parliament, the PSP alternates between opposition and pro-government parties depending on tactical circumstances, and has thus been able to fill a number of important offices with its own candidates, including the Ecuadorian state auditor and the chairman of the Supreme Electoral Court, Jorge Acosta. At the end of February 2007, however, the latter came at the center of a crisis in all of Ecuador's political institutions after the Supreme Electoral Court, under its chairmanship, launched a referendum on the convening of the Constituent Assembly, which was based on a statute not approved by the National Congress. As a result, the PSP and allied parties withdrew Acosta's mandate from the Supreme Electoral Court, whereupon the 57 MPs from these parties were dismissed by the electoral court for obstructing an ongoing electoral process. The 57 MPs included those from the PSP. After the term of office of the judges of the Constitutional Court also ended in connection with this matter, the dismissal remained de facto valid. The homepage of the National Congress therefore showed only five MPs formally belonging to the PSP in June 2007, the other substitute MPs were listed as non-attached.
Regional elections
After the regional and local elections in 2004, which were held during Lucio Gutiérrez's term of office, the PSP appointed the mayors of the capitals of 22 of the 219 cantons of Ecuador ; another nine were elected in an electoral alliance with the PSP. The largest city whose mayoralty was won by the PSP was Tena , where Lucio Gutiérrez grew up.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Joyce Martínez, Congreso descalificó a Ximena Bohórquez y se apresta a elegir Fiscal ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , El Telégrafo (Guayaquil), January 8, 2007.
- ↑ See the comment by Aminta Buenaño Rugel, El Coronel no tiene quien le crea ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , El Universo (Guayaquil), January 14, 2007.
- ↑ see Congreso Nacional. Diputados por Partidos Políticos. PSP ( Memento of the original from October 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on June 10, 2007. For the entire institutional crisis, see references under Rafael Correa # Dealing with the National Congress
- ↑ Determined after the election results report of the Supreme Electoral Court to the National Congress: Informe del Tribunal Supremo Electoral al Congreso Nacional 2004, Quito 2005, Chapter 9: Resultados Electorales, online under Archived Copy ( Memento of the original from May 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: Der Archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. or archived copy ( memento of the original from April 24, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 9, 2007
Web links
- Official Homepage (Spanish)