Personal control
A person check is used, among other things, to establish the identity of a person by authorized persons or by computers (here only access authorization ). Personal checks that are carried out by people usually include at least the following order in which they are carried out: stopping, requesting the release of an identification medium and comparing (name on a list, photo, etc.).
State
A personal check by public officials ( police , public order office, customs , fisheries supervisor, etc.) takes place if there is an occasion, a responsibility and a task. It can be used for criminal prosecution , for prosecuting administrative offenses, for averting danger or for official or enforcement assistance. The relevant area of law is the right to intervene . Even stopping including the request is a measure .
The authority to stop, to detain and to take ("take away") is inherent in the respective legal basis. Personal checks can, but do not have to be carried out on site. Taking them to one or more offices ( suspension ) is permitted without a judicial order, as long as the time frame of about three hours ( restriction of freedom ).
By establishing identity, one can also check authorizations (e.g. driver's license , gun law , residence permit under foreigner law ), data comparisons and status assignments (right of residence in a means of transport or in a facility, is the person subject to military law? Etc.).
A person check can also be preceded or followed by other measures. The rights of the controlled, e.g. B. the right to be informed of the reason for the action vary depending on the country, the aim of the action (thus power) and the circumstances.
In the case of a person whose name is unknown and who cannot be identified, the police use the person identification procedure .
See also
Non-governmental
A person check can also be carried out by non-public officials. This is then voluntary and usually only extends to showing identification. Examples of this are age checks in front of discos or access control on company premises.
A person check can also be carried out in the form of a body search - z. B. as part of an admission control to major events. However, this control is subject to the voluntary act of submission by the person to be controlled. These checks are not checks to establish identity, but rather a check that has the purpose of preventing people from carrying prohibited items. These controls are assigned to the preventive controls.
There are also "compulsory" personal controls ( security controls ) before entering security-relevant areas, e.g. B. factories, nuclear power plants, airports, etc. Metal detectors may also be used here. Anyone who refuses to be checked can not be allowed into the area. Ticket controls , which, depending on the ticket, also include a personal control, take place in paid means of transport (e.g. monthly tickets, online tickets).
Tools
Technical aids for identity checks include isolation systems , fingerprint scanners and iris scanners .
Web links
footnote
- ↑ Loose support by the BGH in a judgment on the restriction of freedom
